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Objectives: 1. To determine the impact of duration of exposure to industrial chemical fumes on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and blood pressure of the industrial workers. 2. To find out the association between changes in blood pressure and PEFR due to exposure to industrial chemical fumes in these subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. The study participants were 151 males working in the chemical industries. The study was approved by institutional ethical committee and informed consent was taken from the participants. Free camp was arranged for three days in September 2020 in the industrial area of Faisalabad. Thorough history of exposure to chemicals was taken using structured proforma. PEFR values were recorded using Wrights handheld peak flow meter. Blood pressure was taken by auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly raised with increase in duration of exposure. PEFR levels were significantly declined with increase in duration of exposure to chemicals. Significant negative association was noted between diastolic blood pressure and PEFR (p value = 0.003). Negative correlation was observed between PEFR and systolic Blood pressure, however it was not statistically significant (p value = 0.92). Conclusions: PEFR decreased while Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased significantly with increase in the duration of exposure to chemicals. There was a significant negative correlation between PEFR and diastolic blood pressure while there was no association between PEFR and systolic blood pressure.
Genetic diversity is one of the major constituent of biological diversity. Systematic investigation on biological diversity also explains the species diversity within diverse ecosystems that can be helpful in exploring genetic variability. Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes or entire genome within and among populations of organisms. Genetic diversity of plant species depends on ecological consequences, phytochemical variation, breeding system, phylogeny, and anthropogenic effects. Plant Genetic diversity information and distribution helps in better development of core collection and modified characterization which is necessary for conservation. The present project is carried out from 2012-2015. In this project genetic diversity of four wild naturally occurring plants namely Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb., Ephedra procera Fisch. & Mey and two endemic species Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt, Vern. and Seriphidium quettense (Podlech) Ling, Bull. were estimated in three naturally occurring populations from high elevation zones of Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan through molecular and phytochemical profiling in parallel the ecological diversity including micro-climate and soil characteristics also analyzed and compared. Genetic diversity was assessed by different molecular marker system such as; RAPD, ISSR, URP and SSR. According to the present literature, this is the first comprehensive report on analysis of genetic diversity and phytochemical variation and impact of ecological diversity on genetic, phytochemical and morphological variation of these significant wild medicinal plants of the province Balochistan, Pakistan. Genetic diversity assessment was carried out by polymorphic bands analysis to generate a dendrogram based on Sequential Agglomerative Hierarchical and Non-overlapping (SAHN) algorithm by “Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean” (UPGMA) through Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS) pc. for cluster analysis. Phytochemical variation analysis of total phenolic and flavonoids contents were estimated for all accessions and compared within and among population through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and dissimilarity matrix based on Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). For ecological diversity evaluation of soil characteristics were analyzed for Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data analysis revealed a diverse pattern of polymorphism varied among plants and their diverse habitats. Maximum genetic variability was found within population of Zarghoon area in B. baluchistanica, i-e, 81%. On the other hand least genetic variability was depicted in S. quettenese i-e, 44%. J. excelsa and E. procera population exhibited more or less same pattern of polymorphism as; 57% and 62% among population respectively. Phytochemical and morphological variation pattern were maximum among population may be because of diverse habitat. PCA of soil characteristics revealed that the first two factors, PC-1, PC-II had Eigen values >1 and contributed which had an accumulated eigenvalue of 70.44 %. The first and second principal components are a result of the linear combination of the 6 studied variables and both explained 44.02 % and 26.42 % of the variance, respectively. Molecular marker profiling of these wild plants together with phytochemical variation of TPC and flavonoid contents and impact on ecological diversity on genetic and phytochemical variation can be utilized as a base line study for implementation of conservation strategies to conserve the significant rare wild medicinal plants of the region.