The Dress Code for Muslim Women: A Linguistic Analysis of the Qurānic Verses and the Prophetic Traditions

It is not uncommon to find cases of Muslim women being harassed or bullied in many of the Muslim-minority countries because of their dress. These Islamophobic attacks, unfortunately, are not merely conducted by radicalised individuals; but the subjugation of the rights of Muslim women also comes from institutional bodies and governments. Secular nations, such as France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Switzerland, USA, UK, Canada, China, and Russia have either imposed restrictions on Muslim women regarding their dress code. They see veil as a non-acceptance of progressive or cumulative values which is unsurprisingly not welcomed by the Muslim community. In such environment, it is inevitable for the Muslims to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really say about the dress code for Muslim women in order to explain what their religion really requires from them and to communicate it appropriately to the government officials, journalists, politicians, and other relevant stakeholders. It is also essential from the perspective of segregating cultural aspects from the religious aspects. Many of the commonly used words for the dressing of Muslim women are more rooted in culture than the religion. It is accordingly vital to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really command about the women dressing and how it has been interpreted in various Islamic societies and cultures. This paper accordingly presents an analysis of all the relevant Qur’ānic verses and the prophetic traditions (from the 6 most renowned books of ahadith). The linguistic analysis employed in this paper results in the identification of items of dress that were worn by Muslim women to safeguard their modesty during the times of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The same principles are relevant for today’s age and time and the Muslims can use those guidelines to delineate cultural practices from the religious injunctions.

Effectiveness of Education Technology in Teaching Learning Process at B. Ed Level

The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Educational Technology in teaching learning process at B.Ed. level in teacher training colleges of Punjab. The objectives of the study were to find out opinions about awareness of Educational technology, existing facilities of educational technology components, use and problems in use of Educational technology in teacher training and to give recommendations to solve the problems involved in the use of Educational Technology. The population of the study was Principals, teachers and students of Government College for Elementary Teachers Punjab. Three questionnaires were prepared by the researcher and validated by experts. The questionnaires were based on likert scale. The questionnaires covered all the important aspects of Educational Technology.Data was analyzed with help of mean, percentage and standard deviation of each item. Four hypotheses were established to find out the difference among principals, teachers and students about awareness of Educational technology, existing facilities of Educational technology components, use and problems in use of Educational technology in teaching learning process. To explore differences between the means of two groups’ independent t-test was applied and one way ANOVA & Post hoc LSD was applied for exploring the difference among three groups. Major findings of the study showed that Educational Technology makes teaching learning process more effective.Educational Technology components are very beneficial while giving instruction but are very limited and only few teacher educators are capable to use these equipments. Results also showed that there is difference among principals, students and teachers about awareness of educational technology and existing facilities of educational technology components. Similarly there was also difference among teachers about use and problems in use of educational technology in teaching learning process. The study strongly recommends that to incorporate educational technology in teacher training institutions teacher must be given training for using Educational Technology in teaching learning process.Enough resources must be provided to teacher training institution for making teaching learning process effective.