یاجوج ماجوج: جدید تعبیرات اور معاصر اقوام پر اطلاق و انطباق: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Gog and Magog Interpretations by Modern Scholars and its Application on Contemporary Nations: An Analytical Study According to the Islamic point of view Gog and Magog (Ya’jūj Ma’jūj), are two such supernatural and aggressive powers that will reveal from some unknown place. According to Islamic sources the two disbelieving powers (tribes) are the children of Yāfith son of Noah. Humanity will affect badly at their severely harmful activities on the earth. In the beginning they were free into some unknown place. The famous king Dhulqarnayn imprisoned them behind an unknown thick wall in human history. There are many conjectures regarding the wall, and it is sometimes considered in any Norwegian country because of too long duration of sunrise in these countries. Their population will be 10 times more than the World’s populations. They will be so much trouble creating nation from the race of Noah (A.S) even Isa (Christ) will take refuge on the mountain of Toor and Muslims will pray Allah to get rid of them. Today some modern Islamic researchers have been claiming that they are in fact, Chines or Russians as we find their resemblance in prophet's traditions. In this article, an attempt has been made to unveil the disputed matter that either they exist in current age in form of living peoples or some hidden which will be revealed before the end of time. The purpose of this research is to revisit different speculations about Gog and Magog as we find them also into the Bible. Many Muslims research took effect from Bible’s concept ignoring the traditions of the prophet and find out many different solutions which, according to me are to be seen into the true and clear facts by Quran and Sunnah.

Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Metronidazole Tablet With Hplc Method Validation

The choice of an analytical method is usually governed by the intrinsic analytical properties of the drug molecule or its amenability to chemical derivatisation to render it compatible to quantitation. The reliability of the quantitation depends on these analytical techniques. Currently, reversed phase high–performance liquid chromatography with UV detection represents the analytical method of choice for the quantitative determination of raw material, in-processes formulation, finished products as well as in the biological matrix. Metronidazole is one of the most effective and clinically very useful and popular antibacterial agent which also possess antiprotozoal action. The clinical importance of these agent is continuously increasing with the passage of time, as the infections are caused by the different pathogens/microorganisms. In the proposed study first developed the analytical method for the determination of metronidazole then validate it for the evaluation of pharmaceutical property of different brands of metronidazole 200mg and 400mg available in the local market as per ICH guideline. The parameters that used for the validation were specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, lower limit of detection, quantitation and stability of drug in mobile phase as well as in biological matrix. The mobile phase was comprised of 0.01 molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffered at pH 3.0 and acetonitrile in ratio of 83: 17. The drug was eluted from C18 column (5µm; 250 mm X 4.6 mm). The % RSD of peak areas of metronidazole was 0.03% and the mean retention time of six consecutive injections was 5.333 minutes. The LOD and LOQ of the method was 8.14ng/mL and 32.56ng/mL respectively. The drug was stable in mobile phase as well as in plasma up to 28 days that shows the method can be used successfully not only for the raw material and finished product but also for pharmacokinetic study in human. A new formulation (ODT) was developed with the use of different super disintegrants such as sodium bicarbonate and crospovidone. Comparison of disintegration and friability of the tablets showed that the tablet with crospovidone is more close to our objective. The optimization study was performed with the aid of software “DesignExpert 9.0.1, State Ease Inc.” The amount of crospovidone and HPMC per batch were taken as independent variable to assess their effect on the disintegration time and friability of the formulation. Central composite design was selected for optimization process and number of batches were prepared. The amount of X1 (Crospovidone) and X2 (HPMC) predicted by the software with the desirability of 1.0 were 37.76mg and 16.71mg respectively. A check point batch were prepared based on these predicted amounts to confirm the validity of the design for this optimization process. The results revealed that by increasing the concentration of crospovidone in formulation decreases disintegration time of tablets which is quite expected as it enhances the wicking property of the formulation. Similarly, it was also observed that increase in concentration of HPMC significantly decreases the % friability of the tablets as it improves the cohesive binding forces. The check point batch was subjected to stability studies after blistering for 06 months. All the tests performed as per USP for the physicochemical and stability evaluation periodically at time interval of 3 months and 6 months. The results were then compared with the initial results to evaluate the stability characteristics of the formulation. The results showed no significant differences at time intervals of 0, 3 and 6 months. Hence the formulation found to be well stable under the recommended conditions (temperature: 40 ± 2°C & % RH: 75 ± 5%). The friability was between 0.47% - 0.50%, disintegration time was between 15 – 16 seconds and in vitro dissolution at three different time intervals i.e. 0, 3 and 6 months were between 98.08 - 98.29% during the entire period of stability studies. No significant variation observed in content assay of stability batch throughout the study period. The CDP of metronidazole 200mg, 400mg brands and formulated tablets were performed in three dissolution mediums i.e. pH 1.2 buffer, pH 4.5 buffer & pH 6.8 buffer. The samples were withdrawn at different time intervals i.e. at 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes and absorbance was taken at λmax 278.0 nm. Percent dissolution calculated with the help of Microsoft excel add-in “DD Solver” v1.0 found to be ≥ 85% within 15 minutes which indicates that dissolution is not a rate limiting step in the bioavailability of these tablets. Different dissolution models were also applied to verify the drug release pattern between the marketed and formulated drug and it was found that the pattern release of the formulated tablets is same as that of the marketed and innovator brands