Correlation between Onset of Renal Disease with Diabetes onset of renal disease in diabetics

Diabetes is associated with number of vascular and nonvascular complications, and the vascular complications which include Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke, retinopathy, neuropathy, and Diabetic Kidney Diseases (DKD are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of onset of any renal disease with diabetes in Pakistani population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Medicine and Nephrology Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60% were male and 40% were female. Most of the patients belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Frequency of onset of diabetes with age showed that patients between age of 41-50 years (33%) were more susceptible to diabetes and its complications whereas onset of diabetes was relatively higher in males as compared to females. Frequency distribution of CVD among diabetic patients was 19%. Conclusions: Results of current findings showed that diabetes mellitus also leads toward further microvascular complications and co-exist with different diseases. 

Application of Agent Oriented Requirement Engineering to Bilateral Human - Agent Negotiation

Software development success is based on understanding stakeholder needs and translates those needs into requirements. Requirement engineering is the process of discovering the purpose for which a system is intended. The success of any software product depends on how strongly the requirements are captured. Many daily activities require negotiations, often bilaterally. In such a kind of negotiation, two agents negotiate with each other to reach a consensus. In negotiation, different stakeholders are involved, and they might have contradictory requirements and different priorities. One of the reasons of failures of software is the conflict between stakeholders and developers. Different requirement engineering approaches are in practice but the Agent Oriented Requirement Engineering (AORE) focuses on objects and goals. The AORE models the requirements in terms of tasks and goals. Requirement engineering is mainly concerned with the identification of goals. REF allows segregate goals into hard and soft goals. These goals are then transformed into services and constraints. Then finally the responsibilities for the resulting requirements are assigned to agents such as human beings or software. Electronic negotiation system exists but if there is a hybrid negotiation (between human and computer) then this negotiation process becomes more complicated. The main obstacle in such kind of negotiation is incomplete information as the behavior of human is diverse by nature. Humans do make mistakes as they are influenced by the social and cultural issues. This research is intended to apply Requirement Engineering Framework (REF) and User Story Cards (USC) methodology to the human-agent bilateral negotiation to capture a complete set of requirements. By combining the strengths of these two approaches we presented how requirements can be captured efficiently. REF is a very simple model which has an effective graphical notation to represents objects. On the other hand USC allows to record requirements with consultation of customer representative. These cards clearly state the user view of requirements and states requirements very clearly. With the application of AORE, this thesis proposed a negotiation protocol that facilitates human-agent negotiation. The proposed protocol is run on a case study to show its implementation.