باز آتے ہی نہیں لوگ دغا کرنے سے
رُکتا کب مَیں ہوں بھلا پھر بھی وفا کرنے سے
اس طرح ہاتھ مرے آئی بقا کی دولت
ذات میں تیری مجھے خود کو فنا کرنے سے
رنج مٹ جاتے ہیں دردوں کو شفا ملتی ہے
دور ہو جاتی بلائیں ہیں دعا کرنے سے
نہ کریں میرا بھلا یار بھلا نہ سوچیں
کوئی روکے نہ مجھے اُن کا بھلا کرنے سے
میری عادت ہی نہیں شکوے شکایت کرنا
دور رہتا ہوں میں تائبؔ جی گلہ کرنے سے
Background: Controversy occurs in the relationship between serum ferritin levels, insulin resistance and risk of developing anemia in adolescents with family history of diabetes. Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to find out the association between serum ferritin levels with risk of developing anemia in non-diabetic adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in a local medical institute of Lahore. Study included 50 non-diabetic, non-obese male / female adolescent with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy male/female non-obese adolescents without family history of T2DM considered as controls. Level of serum ferritin and serum insulin was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Blood glucose was estimated by auto-analyzer. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index and beta cell function was assessed by HOMA- beta index. Results: Levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance were found to be increased with decreased level of serum ferritin and decrease beta cell function in both male as well as female cases as compared to controls. Negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and insulin resistance while a positive correlation was found between serum ferritin and beta cell function. Conclusions: Low level of serum ferritin is associated with reduced beta cell function and increased insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia that can affect both immune system as well as increase susceptibility to infections.
Medical malpractice is professional misconduct or unreasonable lack of skill by the practitioners in the field of medicine. At present, such malpractices are not only an issue of developing countries but of developed countries as well. In Pakistan, the situation of law regarding medical malpractice has not remained very encouraging, for two main reasons. First, Pakistan lags behind in healthcare system, although its basic structure is quite similar to the world’s leading systems, that is, ‘National Healthcare System’ of England. Lamentably, this extensive infrastructure has not been translated in delivery of good healthcare due to the lack of political will, thorough supervision, insufficient legislation and inefficeinet implementation. Secondly, Pakistan, being former colony of British India, provides ‘law of torts’ to be invoked in cases of medical negligence, that has reached to commendable maturity in England nonetheless an immature segment of legislation in Pakistan. Consequently, unlike recent past, very few instances of medical malpractice were brought into litigation. However, a recent increase in number of such cases seems a good indicator to show that the law of medical malpractice has started taking roots in Pakistan under the influence of different jurisdictions. Thus, following Indian example, Pakistan has included medical services within the ambit of consumer protection laws. However, it is detestable to include medical services within the scope of consumer laws. It may lead to an acceptance to the element of consumerism in the field of medicine, which is a noble profession to serve humanity rather than a business venture for the maximization of profit. Sharī‘ah, on the other hand, provides basic guidelines regarding medical ethics and liability of medical practitioners in case of medical malpractice that may be adopted in legal system of Pakistan. Moreover, its criminal law provides a complete tariff of monetary compensation for bodily harm. Pakistan can learn lessons from Sharī‘ah and English law, in order to develop a comprehensively dedicated law on the given subject. Thus, this thesis suggests proposal for development of medical malpractice law for Pakistan in the light of Sharī‘ah and English law.