جو دیپ پلکوں پہ دھر رہا تھا
وہ شب کا کشکول بھر رہا تھا
چہار سو نور تھا زمیں پر
کوئی فلک سے اتر رہا تھا
اُدھر بھی تو ایک زندگی ہے
وہ جی رہا ہے جو مر رہا تھا
ہوائے شب اشتعال میں تھی
چراغ جلنے سے ڈر رہا تھا
ہماری آنکھوں میں تشنگی تھی
کہ دل کا دریا اتر رہا تھا
سمیٹتا کیا وہ مجھ کو آ کر
جو خود ہی ہر پل بکھر رہا تھا
جو آ رہے ہیں شفیق آصف
میں یاد ان کو ہی کر تھا
Conjugal life is an important aspect of human society, on which a prosperous life depends. Almost every Culture, civilization and religion Legislate for family life. There is a part of these laws to end the marital relationship which is denoted by "DIVORCE". Divorce is mentioned in detail in Islamic Sharia, in order to understand them truly one has to genuinely consider and understand the concept of divorce in Pre-Islamic period of ignorance. There were several specific terms for divorce that were used in the Arab culture for example Talᾱq, Īela and Khula etc. But generally decent people use the word "طلاق"(Talᾱq) to end the marital relationship. There were some common causes and reasons for divorce in Arabs before Islam for example lack of mental harmony, infertility, bigotry, family feud and apostasy etc. The divorced women become more and more vulnerable socially and economically in ancient Arab and consequently their children less attention, love and affection of their mothers turning them into rebellious, nonconformist and ruthless individuals crossing all limits of oppression and we often see examples of such incidents in Arabs before dawn of Islam. These cruel customs and practices were uprooted through teachings of Islam which is based on justice, equality and basic human rights.
In this study, Gum Arabic (GA) microgels were successfully synthesized via reverse micellization method with a high yield (78±5.0%) in 5-100 μm size range using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The as synthesized GA microgels show 22.8±3.5% biodegradability property at stomach condition (pH 1) in 20 days, whereas no degradation was observed at pH 7.4 and pH 9 conditions at 37 oC. By using diethylenetriamine (DETA) and taurine (TA) as chemical modifying agents, GA microgels were chemically modified as GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels. Remarkably, GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels show zeta potential values of 5.23±4.07 and -24.85±1.33 mV in comparison to GA microgels which give -27.31±4.20 mV overall surface charge. Moreover, blood compatibility of GA, GA-TA, and GA-DETA microgels was tested via in vitro protein adsorption, % hemolysis ratio and blood clotting index. Interestingly, GA based microgels were hemocompatible with % hemolysis ratio between 0.23 and 2.05; and the GA microgels were found highly compatible with a blood clotting index of 81±40. The biocompatibility of GA, GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels against L929 fibroblast cells also indicate 84.4%, 89.1% and 67.0% cell viability respectively at 25.0 μg/mL concentration; suggesting a great deal of potential in vivo biomedical applications up to this concentration. In addition, 5 and 10 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of protonated GA-DETA microgels (GA-DETA-HCl) was determined against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The bare and GA-TA microgels present good loading capability of 160 and 57 mg.g-1 for phenylephrine (PHP) whereas, in case of Trimethoprim(TMP), GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels show a relatively higher loading capacity of 80 and 52 mg.g-1 respectively. Contrarily, 39.27 ±1.20, 18.40 ±3.130 and 3.10 ±1.140 mg.g-1 release of PHP was observed in case of GA, GA-TA and GA-DETA microgels respectively to the BPS medium in 8 Hrs. Likewise, GA and GA-TA microgels exhibits upto 4.5 ±3.32 and 9.80 ±4.10 mg.g-1 release respectively and an unexpectedly low release amount of 3.3 ±1.94 mg.g-1 from GA-DETA microgels was monitored in case of TMP. Besides, Zeta potential measurements in this study suggest that GA-DETA microgels denote a positively charged surface in DI water. Due to this fact, GA-DETA microgels were used as micro reactor in removal study of some negatively charged pollutants such as; chromate(Cr(III)), dichromate(Cr(VI)), arsenate(As(V)), methyl orange(MO), eosin Y(EY) and Congo red(CR) from aqueous media. Thus, 0.05 g feed of GA-DETA microgels show upto 69.80, 99.30 %, 40.0 %, 91.0%, 84.10 % and 73.0 % removal capability for As(V), Cr(VI), Cr(III), MO, EY and CR respectively in 2 Hrs. mixing time. Moreover, kinetic models such as; the Langmuir, the Fruendlich and modified Fruendlich isotherms were applied to the obtained adsorption data and it was concluded that modified Fruendlich model exhibits relatively practical fit for almost all pollutants giving R2 value nearer to unity. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was determined for all the six pollutants with the numerical values of 217, 256, 271, 143, 130 and 116 mg.g-1 for As (V) Cr(III), Cr(VI), MO, EY and CR respectively. Further, it was observed that the modified Fruendlich isotherm give inclusively best fit for all pollutants showing R2 values of 0.9962, 0.9926, 0.9972, 0.9988, 0.9988 and 0.980 in case of adsorption As(V), Cr(VI), Cr(III), MO, EY and CR respectively.