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Isolation of microorganisms from natural sources for production of biotechnologically important compounds

Thesis Info

Author

Saima Firdous Rehman

Department

Department of Environmental Sciences

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Other

BS 614.45 SAI

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722959471

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جسٹس بشیر احمد سعید

جسٹس بشیر احمد سعید
افسوس ہے چند ماہ ہوئے جسٹس بشیر احمد سعید صاحب کابھی کم وبیش ۸۴ برس کی عمر میں دل کا دورہ پڑنے سے ان کے وطن مدراس میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم بڑے فعال ومتحرک اورسرگرم وپُرجوش مسلمان تھے انہوں نے مسلمانوں کی تعلیمی ترقی کے لیے مدراس میں وہی کیا جوڈاکٹر عبدالغفور نے کیرالا میں کیا تھا، ’’جنوبی ہند کے مسلمانوں کی تعلیمی انجمن‘‘کے صدر کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے مدراس میں دو عظیم الشان کالج تعمیر کرائے ایک لڑکوں کے لیے اوردوسرا لڑکیوں کے لیے، آج یہ دونوں کالج مدراس یونیورسٹی کے نمایاں اورترقی یافتہ کالج سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔
مرحوم آل انڈیا شخصیت کے بزرگ تھے، سالہا سال وہ علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی کی مرکز کونسل اور کورٹ کے نہایت بااثر اورفعال ممبر رہے، آل انڈیا مسلم مجلس مشاورت اورآل انڈیا مسلم پرسنل لابورڈ دونوں کے سرگرم رکن تھے۔ سرکاری ملازمت سے سبکدوشی کے بعد ان کے شب و روز قومی کاموں میں ہی بسر ہوتے تھے۔ نماز،روزہ کے بڑے پابند،قرآن مجید کی تلاوت ان کے مشاغل یومیہ میں شامل، ندوۃ المصنفین کے شروع سے معاون تھے، برہان بڑے شوق سے پڑھتے اوراس کی بڑی قدر کرتے تھے، غرض کہ بڑی خوبیوں اوراعلیٰ اخلاق و صفات کے بزرگ تھے۔ حق گوئی اورحق پژوہی ان کاجوہر فطری تھا، انگریزی کے بڑے اچھے مقرر تھے، اردو میں بھی اظہار مدعاپر قادر تھے، تقریر بڑے جوشیلے انداز میں کرتے تھے۔ اس میں شک نہیں کہ ان کا نفس وجود مسلمانوں کے لیے بڑی تقویت کاسبب تھا کیونکہ وہ قانون دان بھی تھے اورمسلمانوں کے سچے ترجمان ووکیل بھی۔ [جولائی۱۹۸۴ء]

 

Analysis of the Implementation of Patient Safety Targets at the Makassar City Regional General Hospital

The Patient Safety Goals (SKP) drive specific improvements in patient safety. These objectives highlight problematic areas of health care in a system implemented in hospitals to make patient care safer. This study aims to analyze the implementation of patient safety goals in Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is mixed methods research. The research uses a sequential explanatory strategy. The results showed that the implementation of patient safety targets based on the Hospital Patient Safety Target Standards (SNARS) at Makassar City Hospital has a good implementation of patient safety targets. The implementation of patient safety targets in terms of leadership in the Makassar City Regional General Hospital (RSUD), namely the awarding of awards has never been done, and supervision is carried out by looking at patient safety reports. In terms of human resources, training related to patient safety is still lacking and only during accreditation. Regarding policies, there are SOPs related to patient safety incidents and there is no clear sanction, only a warning. For teamwork, there is no availability of a patient safety team in the treatment room, only KMKP has a patient safety team. In addition, the implementation of patient safety goals in terms of communication, namely the existence of positive feedback given and followed up by the Patient Safety and Quality Committee (KMKP), as well as lack of socialization by KMKP, only at the time of accreditation.

Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes by Citrus Peroxidase

The objective of the current project was to establish an economical method utilizing peels of kinnow (Citrus reticulata) and lemon (Citrus limon) for decolorization of synthetic dyes and industrial effluents. Firstly, both peroxidases extracted from Citrus reticulata (CRP) and Citrus limon (CLP) were characterized in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The optimum pH for both the enzymes was determined to be 6.0 whereas the temperature optima were 55 and 45 0 C, respectively for CRP and CLP. The values of K m and V max for guaiacol oxidation for CRP were recorded to be 0.66 and 380 μmol/mL/min, whereas for CLP they were recorded as 2.70 mM and 2222 μmol/mL/min, respectively. Results regarding thermostability showed that both enzymes were fairly stable at 60 0 C but at 80 0 C, CRP retained 58 % while CLP retained 37 % of its activity after 60 min. The energy of activation for thermal denaturation was found to be 95.85 and 77.27 kJ/mol for CRP and CLP, respectively. Metal ions like, Mg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Al 3+ and one of the surfactants, Lemon max behaved as activator whereas Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Hg 2+ , Triton X-100, Tween-80, SDS, Brite total, Surf excel, Rin behaved as an inhibitor for both CRP and CLP. Besides this, inhibitory effect of urea, sodium azide and EDTA was also reported for both CRP and CLP. Secondly, both the enzymes were utilized for degradation of synthetic dyes. Using CRP, 88.92 % decolorization was achieved for Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) at pH, temperature, enzyme dose, H 2 O 2 , dye and p-coumaric acid concentarion of 4.0, 35 0 C and 18 U/mL, 0.125 mM, 50 mg/L, 0.1 mM, respectively within 5 min. Whereas for Golden yellow PRA (GYPRA) pH of 2.0, temperature of 40 0 C, enzyme does of 24 U/mL, H 2 O 2 concentration of 0.375 mM dye concentration of 100 mg/L and vanillin concentration of 0.05 mM were determined as optimum to attain 95.98 % decolorization within 5 min. On the other hand, CLP decolorized 85.97 % of Brilliant yellow (BY) and 96.34 % of Crystal violet (CV) respectively at pH 5.0 and 4.5, temperature 50 and 45 0 C, enzyme dose 24 and 42 U/mL, dye concentration 18.75 and 7.5 mg/L, syringaldehyde 0.025 mM and p-coumaric acid 0.5 mM, at 0.25 mM H 2 O 2 with in 10 and 5 min. The degradation products of BY and CV were also identified by LC/MS analysis. The optimizations and interactive effects of pH, enzyme dose and dye concentration for % decolorization of all four dyes were also investigated by RSM through CCD. The CLP was also employed for complete degradation of two effluents under the optimized conditions of pH 2.0 and 3.0, temperature 45 and 40 0 C, enzyme dose 18 and 24 U/mL and time of incubation of vi20 and 60 min, respectively for Effluent 1 and 2. Finally, phytotoxicity of the effluents and their degraded samples was also evaluated for Zea mays. It was observed that the degraded effluent samples were less toxic than the original ones.