قدیم و جدید قاہرہ
مسافر دکتورمحمود کے ساتھ قاہرہ کے تنگ ،تاریک اور دھول مٹی سے اٹے بازار میں چہل قدمی کر رہا تھا ۔دکتورمحمو د نے کہا یہ قاہرہ قدیم ہے میں نے کہا اور غریب بھی اس نے مسکراتے ہوئے کہا غریب بھی اور فقیر بھی بہت ہے ۔میں نے کہا فقر بہت بڑی نعمت ہے۔ دکتورمحمود بولے ہاںمگر اس نعمت کے ثمرات قاہرہ جدید والے سمیٹ رہے ہیں ۔یہ فقیر لوگ رات دن محنت کر کے بڑی مشکل سے دو وقت کی روٹی حاصل کرتے ہیں مگر ان کے نوالے قاہرہ جدید کے باسیوں کے منہ میں چلے جاتے ہیں ۔رعایا قدیم میں جبکہ حکمران طبقہ جدید میں قیام پذیر ہے ۔
مصریوں کی پسندیدہ خوراک پُول ہے ۔بغیر مرچ مصالحوں کے حلیم کی طرح دکھائی دینے والی اس خوراک میں چھوٹے سائز کا لوبیا ڈالا جاتا ہے ۔ساتھ میں سلاد ، جو پلیٹ کی بجائے چھوٹے کاسے میں پیش کیا جاتا اس کے اندر تھوڑا سا پانی بھی ہوتا ہے ۔سلاد اور پول روٹی کے ساتھ تناول کرنے کے بعد سلاد کا بچ جانے والا پانی زیادہ خوش ذائقہ ہوتا ہے ۔دکتور محمود نے مشورہ دیا کہ رہ جانے والا پانی پیا کرو اس کی لذت پول سے بھی زیادہ ہوتی ہے ،میں نے کہا ایک یونانی کہاوت ہے کہ کسی بھی تخلیق کار کا فن پارہ سوسال سے زیادہ عوامی پذیرائی حاصل نہیں کر پاتا اگر وہ صرف پانی پیتا ہو ۔ یہ جو مصر میں فنونِ لطیفہ ،رقص اور مجسمہ تراشی کے خوبصورت نمونے تخلیق ہوئے ہیں اس کے پیچھے بھی اس سلادی پانی اور پول کا ہاتھ تو نہیں ؟۔کہنے لگے آپ کونہیں معلوم مصری بہت کچھ پیتے ہیں میں نے پوچھا مثلاََ؟کہنے لگے جیسے شیشہ ،چلم ،تمباکواور اس کے علاوہ بھی بہت کچھ۔مصر...
Social media has become a key term in new participatory political discourse. Previous studies argued that youth is least interested in democracies and politics; hence, this study aims to explore the role of social media in increasing political participation among male and female university students. Data was collected from a sample of 340 students, chosen from equal gender proportion of five universities with purposive sampling technique to conduct quantitative survey research. The findings of study revealed a positive relationship between political participation and social media usage of students. It also confirms that majority respondents were using social media for political information but the trend is more popular among the male students as compared to females. Male participants were more involved in discussing politics and posting political content on social media, while females were more active in actionable politics like casting vote. The study concludes that social media is playing a significant role in enhancing political participation among university students and predicts a better future of democracies in social media world as new technology provides the language that young voters understand. It also realized that measures are required to attract female students towards participatory politics in Pakistan. ______
This qualitative research reports on the process and findings of an exploratory study conducted in the rural context of Pakistan that aimed to explore the technology (ICT) leadership practices of a private higher secondary school principal to describe how the principal enacts leadership strategies for promoting technology (ICT) use in the school. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations and available documents. The study found that the principal’s role as a technology (ICT) leader who possesses a positive attitude towards technology (ICT) is very crucial for promoting its use in the school. The principal as a technology (ICT) leader adopts various strategies like provision of resources, equal access to all, technical support and backup, opportunities for professional development in technology (ICT) for staff, to promote the use of technology in the school. The principal holds a vision for technology (ICT) use which works as a driving force for the use of ICT in the school. In order to achieve the vision of technology (ICT), the principal has provided free and easy access to all ICT resources, with proper technical support and backup. The principal is monitoring the use of the ICT resources and the teaching and learning that takes place using technology through the help of technical support persons. The principal was also found to be supportive of the professional development of the teachers in the use of technology (ICT) in their classrooms. The findings of the study coincide with what the literature says about technology (ICT) leadership in schools. This shows that context does not have an obvious effect on the ICT leadership; however, the attitude of the principal towards the use of technology (ICT) has helped him emerge as a technology (ICT) leader. The presence of technology in the school and the principals’ positive attitude towards the use of technology (ICT) for transforming the traditional teaching and learning has motivated the principal to provide the necessary technology leadership.