ہاشم شاہ(۱۷۵۶ئ۔۱۸۲۱ئ) میں موضعجگد یوکلاں تحصیل اجنالہ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ کے والد حاجی محمد شریف اپنے عہد کے کے پیرِ طریقت تھے۔ ہاشم نے انھیکے ہاتھ پر بیعت کی۔ آپ کے والد مختلف علوم اور زبانوں کے ماہر ہونے کے علاوہ حکیم حاذق بھی تھے۔ مہاراجہ رنجیت سنگھ جب ان کے علاج سے صحت یاب ہوا تو خوش ہو کر تھرپال نزد ریہ نارووال ان کو انعام میں دیا۔ ہاشم تا دمِ مرگ ۱۸۲۱ء یہیں رہے(۶) سرور ارمان نارووال کے شعرا کے تذکرے میں ہاشم شاہ کے بارے میں رقمطراز ہیں:
ہاشم شاہ نے فارسی‘ پنجابی اور اردو میں شاعری کی مگر ان کی شہرت کا بڑا سبب ان کی لکھی ہوئی عشقیہ داستاں سسی پنوں ہے۔ جس سے ان کا شمار پنجابی کلاسیکی شعرامیں ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ ہاشم شاہ نے سوہنی مہینوال‘ شیریں فرہاد‘ لیلیٰ مجنوں ‘ ہیر رانجھا اور دوہے بھی پنجابی زبان میں لکھے۔(۷)
ہاشم شاہ عشقِ حقیقی کے قائل تھے۔ ان کے آبائو اجداد میں سب پیر اور روحانی پیشوا تھے۔ آپ نے باطنی طور پر حضرت پیر عبد القادر جیلانیؒ سے روحانی فیض حاصل کیا۔ نمونے کے طور پر کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں :
اس گناہیں کے لیے یا پیر غفاری کرو
اب تو کچھ پردہ نشیں پر حال ستاری کرو
دستگیری کجیو ڈرتا ہے ہاشم پر گناہ
دستگیر بے کساں یا غوث الاعظم بادشاہ
(۸)
کہاں سکندر کہاں ہے دارا جام کہاں ہے جم کا
جن کی تیغ سے دیو بھی کانپے دل دہلے رستم کا
ان کی راکھ ملے نہ ڈھونڈے دنیا گھر ہے غم کا
ہاشم جان غنیمت جانو نہیں بھروسا دم کا (۹)
پھول اور کانٹے دونوں دیکھو ایک جگہ ہوں پیدا
اک شب پھول کی عمر‘ یہاں پر...
Islam is a complete code of life and dominant upon all the faculties of life. Along with creed faith and worship, Islam has emphasized on the affairs of daily life. In the connotation of affairs all the components of sale and purchase mentioned in detail. Accordingly, there is a provision if someone sell a thing to another and the buyer is not eligible to pay the price then there should be written a statement in the presence of two witnesses to pay the price in fix time. If there is neither witness nor the arrangement of writing, so there should be mortgaged something from the buyer. When the buyer pay a loan then the seller should return the mortgaged thing. The originality of mortgage is for the protection of loan not for profit. In present era the purpose of mortgage has changed and is done it for getting profit. Although some imams and Ahl-e-Zawaher provide the capacity for getting profit, so the Jamhoor and Ahnaf don’t allow anyone to get it. To change the original shape of mortgage is illegitimate and is considered as usury. If there is no custom in a certain territory and the man who offer loan does not intend to get profit then with the permission of the person who has received loan __provides the facility to get profit, However to avoid this practice is far better in shariah. In the article understudy the originality of mortgage and dissension among different Imams to get profit from it has been discussed. In the end a crucial statement has been mentioned.
Plants are unable to remove and predict different environmental stresses so they acquire number of mechanism to adjust these changes. Plants receive stimulations from external environment and pass these to the defense response genes, which show their responses, there are number of environmental stresses, which categorized into biotic and abiotic stresses. There are number of transcriptional factors, which control these stresses. Draught, salinity, water and UV radiations are some major stresses, which are reducing the productivity of plants in the world. The most important transcriptional factors are WRKY transcription factor in plants. These factors control number of development events and stresses responses in plants. These WRKY proteins consist of highly specific domain and they interact with other proteins due to these domains. WRKY domain act very important role against the environmental stresses and in the development of plants. WRKY protein has quick, short-lived and related to particular tissue expression under different environmental stresses. WRKY transcriptional factors carry out different function in plants like growth, development metabolism and transduction. WRKY are largest transcription factors which are highly plant-specific transcription factor and they are named due to highly preserved amino acid WRKYGQK in the N-terminus. The number of sequenced genome has been increased at very large amount which assist the evolution of WRKY protein family. Many species of plants have different numbers of WRKY genes which baised on their zinc finger motif. There are 97 WRKYs in Oryza nivara, 102 WRKYs in Oryza sativa, 171 WRKYs in Triticum aestivum, 116 WRKYs inZea mays species etc. Mosses contains 30-40 WRKY genes which were previously consisder as not plants species. Comparative genomic studies with bio-computational techniques show that these genes are present mostly in plant species. The evaluation and due to verities of plants species show that these transcription factors related to specific regulator families. Due to presence of SNPs in DNA sequence of different plants they show different mechanism for different transcriptional factors. In our present study we particularly focused on abiotic stresses and identified the SNPs which are present in plants due to which their stress mechanism changes. Our study reveals that SNPs are very important tools to show genetic relationship between different plants species.