بچوں کے عمرانی مسائل: اسلامی تعلیمات اور بین الاقوامی قوانین کے تناظر میں ایک جائزہ

The way the religion of Islam has emphasized the human rights, might be any other religion has given importance to this very specific topic. Although in Islam, there has no any chapter making been made in Quran and hadith on the permanent bases on the topic of basic human rights, yet if some search is made to find out these Quran and Sunnah, these are also present in expended form in various places and along with these guided principles are also present there. In Quran there is admonition in many places for the protection of human soul, goods and honor as well. Whereas Hadith along with the other various teachings, specifically on the eve of the last sermon known as ( Khutba hajja tul wida) of the Rasool(PBUH) the prescribed charter of human rights is enough to highlight its importance, but no distinctive laws are cited with a special regarded to  children. Anyhow, in 18th century, issues relevant to children came into view those also became the cause of many movements and all the countries are formulated unanimous laws which are still being applied. In present era, the social issues of the children are becoming obnoxious severe. On the behalf of these issues their growth, training and many other facts of life are also attention catching. In this article, an analysis of Islamic and International laws with respect to children will be made and those causes will also be cited due to which social issues of children are continuously being generated.

Combinatorial Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Sar Studies on Some Small Drug‐Like Molecular Libraries

A combinatorial synthesis of small libraries of a variety of amino chalcones has been carried out in solution phase under standard Claisen Schmidt conditions. The compounds were tested for their potential as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents as well as phosphatase inhibitors and the leads were identified in each bioassay. Chalcone 7 was found to have strongest potential as cytotoxic agent, while chalcone 11 be the most potent PGM inhibitory agent. Parallel synthesis of a 120 member chalcone library was carried out as mixture synthesis following the positional scanning protocol. The identification of lead in this library was carried out by deconvulution and chalcones 22 and 41 were found to be the most potential candidates to be developed as antibacterial agents. Following the same strategy of mixture synthesis, another 175 member chalcones library was synthesized and most potent anticancer chalcones 31, 61 and 78 were identified by deconvolution through position scanning protocol. Peptidyl α,β- unsaturated ketones were synthesized as novel bis- electrophiles susceptible for 3+2 and 3+4 annulations. As a result, peptidyl oxazoles, pyrazolines, pyrazoles, benzothiazepines and benzodiazepines were synthesized. Potent antidiabetic chalcones were docked into the PGM active site and a rationale was found for greater antidiabetic activity of chalcones over the other. Rational design and synthesis of some cytotoxic chalcones was based on 3DQSAR studies using CoMFA as a tool. 3DQSAR studies were also carried out on a library of 30 chalcones as potential antitumor agents.