Comparative Analysis of the Controversies Among the Orientalist About the Epilepsy Imputed to the Holy Prophet S. A. W

The opponents of Islam and its prophet, Muhammad (p) including some of the orientalists, have always tried their best to distort the real image of Islam and malign the person of the holy Prophet. They have produced many baseless stories and notions about the teachings of Islam and the person and life of the holy Prophet. They accused the Prophet (p) of having compiled the Qur’an out of the teachings of Christianity, Judaism and the customs of pre-Muhammadan Arabs. They maintain that Muhammad (p) was caught by epilepsy and trances, out of which he pretended to having received the Quranic revelation. They mention the incident of ‘Shaq al-Sadr’ (splitting up of the bosom of the prophet in his childhood) and the shivering condition of the holy Prophet(p) while receiving the revelations as hallucination of epileptic fits. But the history, medical science, the logical reasoning and the impartial orientalists have absolutely rejected their biased allegations on the personality of the holy Prophet. They certified that Muhammad (p) had never suffered from any type of such ailment like epileptic fits, seizers, trances or the falling sickness. The author is this paper refutes the allegation of epilepsy to the prophet with the help of impartial studies of the orientalists and evidences from the medical science, thus, highlighted the superficiality of the investigations of some orientalists about Islam and Its Prophet.

Augmented Directory Navigation for Non-Hierarchical Retrieval of Files-360ᵒ Semantic File System

The organization of files in any desktop computer has been an issue since their inception. The file systems that are available today organize files in a strict hierarchy that facilitates their retrieval either through navigation, clicking directories and subdirectories in a tree-like structure, or searching (which allows for the finding of the desired files using a search tool). Research studies show that users rarely (4-15%) use the latter approach, thus leaving navigation as the main mechanism for retrieving files. However, navigation does not allow a user to retrieve files nonhierarchically, which makes it limited in terms of time, human effort and cognitive overload. To mitigate this issue, several Semantic File Systems (SFSs) have been periodically proposed that have made the nonhierarchical navigation of files possible by exploiting some basic semantics but no more than that. None of these systems consider aspects such as time, location, file movement, content similarity, territory, etc. together with learning from user file retrieval behaviors in identifying the desired file and accessing it in less time and with minimum human and cognitive efforts. Moreover, most of the available SFSs replace the existing file system metaphor, which is normally not acceptable to users. To mitigate these issues, this thesis proposes 360°- SFS that exploit the SFS Ontology to capture all the possible relevant file metadata and learns from user browsing behaviors to semantically retrieve the desired files both easily and timely. Based on user studies, the evaluation results show that the proposed 360°-SFS outperforms the existing traditional directory navigation and Recently Open Files.