اصغر سودائی(۱۹۲۶ء۔۲۰۰۷ء) سیالکوٹ کے متوسط گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔آپ نے مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے بی ۔اے کیا ۔طالب علمی کے دوران آپ’’ مرے کالج میگزین‘‘ کے نائب مدیر تھے۔ ۱۹۵۲ء میں جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں بطور لیکچرار تعینات ہوئے ۔۱۹۸۴ء میں انھیں ان کی تعلیمی خدمات کے پیشِ نظر ڈائریکٹر آف ایجوکیشن کے عہدے پر ترقی دی گئی۔ آپ کی شہرت اس لحاظ سے بھی ہے کہ آپ تحریک پاکستان کی اساس بننے والے نعرہ پاکستان ،’’پاکستان کا مطلب کیا لاالہ الا اﷲ ‘‘ کے خالق بھی ہیں۔ (۷۳۵)اصغر سودائی کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’شہ دوسرا‘‘ بزم رومی و اقبال سیالکوٹ نے ۱۹۸۹ء میں طبع کیا۔ دوسرا مجموعہ کلام ’’چلن صبا کی طرح‘‘ صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے ۱۹۹۹ء میں شائع کیا۔ آپؐ کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ’’ کرن صدا کی طر ح ‘‘کے نام سے شائع ہو چکا ہے۔ اصغر سودائی کے نظریات ا ن کی اکہتر سالہ زندگی کا نچوڑ ہیں۔ انھوں نے مختلف تحاریک کازمانہ دیکھا اصغر نے تحریکِ پاکستان کی پرزور جدوجہد کو پروان چڑھتے اور پاکستان کو وجود میں آتے دیکھا۔ ادبی تحاریک میں انھوں نے رومانی اور ترقی پسند تحریک کا زمانہ دیکھا۔
ان کے نظریات میں اقبال کے افکار کی جھلک بھی دکھائی دیتی ہے۔ وہ بھی مغرب کی غلامی کو ملتِ اسلامیہ کے لیے باعث ِہلاکت و تباہی قرا ر دیتے ہیں۔ اصغر کے خیال میں اسلام دین فطرت ہے اور اس میں تمام مروجہ علوم کا نچوڑ موجود ہے۔ وہ اسلا م ہی کو انسانی زندگی کی بنیاد سمجھتے ہیں اور اسلام کی صداقتوں او ربین الاقوامیت کے قائل ہیں۔
اصغر سودائی بنیادی طور پر غزل گو شاعر ہیں۔قیام پاکستان کے بعد جن شعرانے میر کے رنگ سخن کی پیروی کی ان میں ناصر کاظمی ،خلیل الرحمان اعظمی اور شہرت بخاری شامل ہیں۔ان شعر امیں اصغر سودائی...
Dr. Najib Al- Kailani (1931-1995) is one of the prominent poet and writer of Arabic literature. The multidimensionality of his personality is rare example of the history of Islamic literature. He was a renowned poet, writer, a medical professional, a thinker and overall a great human being. He laid the foundation of the Islamic literature and introduced a sound methodology. His precious literary works in Arabic and Islamic school of thought made his personality more prominent. He not only discusses the issues and challenges faced by Egyptian Muslims but also covers the whole Islamic world and as well as those Muslims who are in minority in their countries. His literary works are a good source of knowledge for not only the general readers but for the intellectuals and writers as well. Research works are being carried out on different dimensions of his personality in different ways by the different universities in the world. Research articles and discussions are being carried out and conferences are also organized in different Arab countries in the memory of Dr Najib Al-Kailani. Kailani was paid rich tributes by Arab writers and thinkers for his unique wealth of literary works. In this article we present the views of Arabian writers about his literary status.
Under the influence of host immune pressures, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapidly accumulates and selects mutations that confer survival advantage to the virus. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) represents one of the major host selection pressures that drive the antigenic evolution of HIV. During the course of infection, the interplay of host and virus factors determines the eventual outcome of the disease as well as the repertoire of predominant viral mutants in a given host milieu. In global perspective, this cross-talk between the host and the virus is observed as population-specific amplification of particular HIV subtypes, recombinant forms, or mutation variants. This study focuses on the HIV immunogenic protein Gag to analyze; a) the association of host immunity and viral genetic variability with disease progression, b) HIV subtype A divergence and epitope evolution at global as well as at population level, and c) co-occurring epitope mutations in HIV Gag, using a new in-house bioinformatics tool. Methodology: In this study, a total of 1893 subtype A sequences, from mid-1980s to late 2000s, representing 19 different countries, were included for global analysis. For cohort study, 15 Afghan, 50 Kenyan and 74 Pakistani HIV positive samples were collected. Using a variety of bioinformatics software, the sequences from HIV-1 Gag region p24 and p2p7p1p6 were analyzed for mutations affecting genetic divergence and epitope evolution (predominantly V303 to T303 mutation in the Pakistani and Kenyan cohorts, respectively). Subsequently, the population-specific Gag mutations V303 and T303 were focused for in vitro analysis. Proteasomal assays followed by Mass Spectrometry were performed to evaluate the significance of V303 and T303 mutation in epitope processing. The HIV divergence was analyzed using phylogenetic networks and Bayesian Skyline plot, whereas, the genomic variability of Gag was measured in terms of GàA substitutions and Shannon entropy. Finally, a new Bioinformatics software, I-CAN (Identification of Co-occurring Amino acids and Nucleotides), was developed and used to analyze Gag epitope mutations co-occurring with the mutation V303T in Pakistani and Kenyan sequences. Results: In the Kenyan cohort, a linear trend between HIV genomic variability, and high viral load and low CD4 count was observed. Furthermore, certain Gag mutations unique to either Pakistani or Kenyan cohort were observed to affect the epitope processing in a population-specific manner. As a consequence of these mutations, epitope pattern in the two cohorts was uniquely altered. In the global analysis, it was observed that the HIV subtype A diverged around mid-90s from Kenya, exhibiting an upward trend in genomic variability that peaked in the last 5 years (2005-2010) of the analysis. A similar trend was also observed in Gag epitopes, where point mutations gave rise to novel Gag epitopes, evolving especially in the years 2005-2010. Finally, the results from the tool I-CAN, indicated a strong association in certain Gag co- occurring epitope mutations and the patient‟s HLA types. Conclusion: A pattern of population-specific Gag epitopes was observed that appeared to be evolving under selection pressures from the host HLA. Further investigation of these mutations will enhance the understanding of the evolution of HIV under host/population-specific selection pressures. This information may be helpful in designing vaccine and treatment strategies against HIV.