مولانا عبدالشکور
ہمارے پرانے نامور علماء ایک ایک کرکے، اٹھتے جاتے ہیں، افسوس ہے کہ ان کی آخری یادگار مولانا عبدالشکور صاحب نے بھی سفر آخرت اختیار کیا، مولانا کی ذات جامع کمالات اور اس دور میں سلف صالحین کا نمونہ تھی، علم و عمل اور دین و تقویٰ میں ان کا درجہ بہت بلند تھا، تعلیم و تدریس، تالیف و تصنیف، وعظ و تبلیغ، ارشاد و ہدایت ہر راہ میں ان کے نمایاں کارنامے ہیں، تقریباً نصف صدی تک ان کا فیض جاری رہا، اور ان کے ذریعہ بہتوں کو ہدایت حاصل ہوئی، ایک زمانہ میں پورے ہندوستان میں ان کے کارناموں کی شہرت تھی، مگر ادھر پچیس تیس سال سے انھوں نے خاموشی اور گوشی نشینی کی زندگی اختیار کرلی تھی، اور موتو اقبل ان تموتوا کی عملی تفسیر بن گئے تھے، اب ایسے ربانی علماء کا پیدا ہونا مشکل ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے خدمات کو قبول اور ان کے مدارج بلند فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۶۲ء)
Conjunctivitis is a globally prevalent ocular and/eye infection. The basic motivation of the current study may be traced back to the association of conjunctivitis with unhygienic situations and sunlight exposure. The daily routine of farmers, overwhelming poverty, and illiteracy ratio may have further enhanced the incidence ratio of conjunctivitis. The ocular infection and/or conjunctivitis is caused by various pathogens, if not managed properly and appropriately may lead to corneal perforation or blindness. Objective: The study has been designed to find out the prevalence of various pathogenic and allergic conjunctivitis among farmers in the district Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: It was a community-based and cross-sectional descriptive studyfrom October- November 2019. The study involved the quantitative analytical method. Anterior segments of eyes followed by posterior segments were examined by using an ophthalmoscope and torchlight for the diagnosisof conjunctivitis. Data on pathogenic and allergic conjunctiva was collected. Result: Our study indicated that 33(16.5%) farmers were found with the symptoms ascertained with conjunctivitis. Among the studied subjects, 29(14.5%) and 4(2%) farmers were found with bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, respectively. As far as the tendency of seeking medical help and ophthalmic consultation is concerned, 31(15.5%) and 19(9.5%) patients preferred to get examined by an eye specialist and traditional treatment, respectively. However, 150(75%) patients neglected to seek any medical aid. It was found 27 (13.5%), and 55 (27.5%) farmers were using glasses and traditional eye protective measures, respectively. However, almost sixty percent 118(59%) of farmers were not using any type of eye-protective measures. It was found that 59%, 30%, and 11% farmer population was exposed to sunlight for almost six, four, and two hours, respectively on daily basis. Conclusions: The use of prevalent traditional protective measures and lack of treatment or medical aid seeking trendby farmers has been found responsible for the high incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis. Moreover, long working hours and sunlight exposure alongwith the predominant unhygienic conditions may further quadruple the frequency of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. The high prevalence ratio of conjunctivitis, eye infections, and ocular injuries highlight the need of observing universal eye safety and precautionary measures. Keeping in view the downtrodden economic conditions of the farmers and agriculturalists in the country and the financial repercussions associated with the infection, a state-ownedmedical awareness and relief process must be ensured and encouraged for the Pakistani community.
In Pakistan, currently 38 species of the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) have been identified so far. These Artemisia species were found in different phytogeographical regions including the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. In this doctoral thesis, emphasis have been given to the ethnobotany, floral morphology, foliar epidermal anatomy (Epidermal cells/stomata types and diversity in trichomes), pollen morphology, phytogeography and molecular phylogeny of Artemisia species from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan.This study explored some rare species of the genus Artemisia and their folk medicinal uses from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. The areas with deprived documentation of traditional information were covered and the native traditional medicinal awareness of the Artemisia species was acknowledged. For the first time in this investigation, 15 Artemisia species were explored and presented in the form of plates. These ethnobotanicaly important species were, Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia annua L., Artemisia austriaca Jacq., Artemisia biennis Willd., Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill., Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Artemisia indica Willd., Artemisia maritima L. Ex Hook. F., Artemisia rutifolia sub sp., Artemisia rutifolia var., Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit., Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhl. Ex Willd., Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte., and Artemisia vulgaris L. The native people of different regions of Gilgi-Baltistan uses different parts of these Artemisia species as food, ornaments, fuel and for medicinal purposes and were employed against more than 30 different kinds of ailments. The morphology of this genus is very complex and difficult to address. This is because the same species shows different forms under certain ecological conditions. Therefore, it was a dire need to revise the morphology of Artemisia species from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. In this study, 66 morphological characters of 20 Artemisia species were nominated for the cladistics analysis of genus Artemisia. The consequential cladogram divided genus Artemisia into five major clades. Subgenus Artemisia and subgenus Absinthium were dispersed between the clades of other sections and appeared as a polyphyletic. All the remaining sections were found to be monophyletic. Subgenus Seriphidium was grouped with Artemisia clade which authenticates its recombination with the genus Artemisia. The micro-morphological attributes of foliar epidermal cells of 19 Artemisia species and stomata types of 17 Artemisia species using SEM and LM were evaluated. Primary