Knowledge and Awareness about Nikah Nama Reforms and its Clauses in Lahore

The present research was carried out to investigate the knowledge and awareness regarding Nikah Nama reforms and its clauses among the unmarried males and females of Lahore. The objectives of this study were to explore knowledge and level of awareness about Nikah Nama reforms and to explore the reasons for not reading the Nikah Nama before marriage. A total of 400 adults were sampled, including 200 males and 200 females. A self-developed questionnaire was used; which included both closed and open ended questions. The results of this study revealed that most of the people were not aware about Nikah Nama reforms and women supportive clauses. It was also revealed that three broad factors contributed to not reading the Nikah Nama before marriage: (i) Patriarchal culture, (ii) Lack of awareness; and (iii) Insecurity and fear. It is recommended that awareness about marriage rights should be part of the formal and informal education system and there must be some accountability against people who break laws and strike out the Nikah Nama clauses or prevent the reading of the contract.

Effect of Leadership Style on Climate for Innovation With an Intervening Role of Organizational Culture: A Study of Healthcare Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among leadership style organizational culture and climate for innovation in healthcare organizations.Descriptive statistics indicate that the instrumental leadership (similar to bureaucratic leadership) is the prevailing leadership style, whereas, hierarchy culture is the dominant culture in the healthcare organizations in Multan. And, both the prevailing leadership style and dominant culture in healthcare organizations in Multan are conducive for creating a climate for innovation and creativity in these organizations.