Prevention Models of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Beauty Salon Employees of Kendari City

This study aims to determine the effect of modifying factors, perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers and encouragement to prevent occupational contact dermatitis on beauty salon employees in Kendari City. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study approach using an explanative survey research design with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS program and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between modifying factors on perceptions of seriousness and barriers, on perceptions of vulnerability, there is a significant influence between perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, barriers, encouragement on the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis.

Characterization of Waste Water from Drains and Disposal Stations and Their Impacts on Three Southern Rivers of Punjab

The present study is the characterization of wastewater drains, wastewater from disposal stations and their impacts on the three southern rivers of Punjab i.e. Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Total of 256 samples were collected from 20 selected drains, 3 barrages (one of each river), 33 disposal stations, river water and from selected wells. Out of the 20 drain, 13 drains were selected which were falling directly into the rivers and their impacts were assessed by taking samples after suitable intervals, to study the effect of dilution and to develop their relevance with the potential impact on the rivers through the analysis of 17 important waste water parameters. Disposal stations selected were located in the catchment area of the rivers and had vice versa affected with respect to water recharge and infiltration. Two (2) samples were also taken from the vicinity of each disposal station (at a distance of 100 meter and 200 meter) in order to assess the impact of effluent from disposal station on the ground water quality. GIS mapping was carried out to assess the impact of 13 selected drains falling directly into the river and their subsequent samples (3 samples; immediately after falling into the river, after one hundred meter distance and after one thousand meters distance). Statistics was applied on the results to evaluate the correlation between significant parameters. BOD5, COD, pH, TDS, and TSS had positive correlations with each other. The results of the drain samples showed very high level of pollution load and almost all the parameters were out of the limits. It was confirmed that the bacteriological contamination is present in all rivers. BOD5 and COD load was also present in all the rivers. Comparatively higher levels of TDS could also be found in all three rivers. Although Ammonia was found to be within limits after 1000 meters, however ammonia was above limits in Sutlej and Ravi at three locations. Sulfate was also found out of limits at one point in all the three rivers. The results of the samples from disposal stations showed that all the samples were heavily polluted and only neutralization is taking place before the effluent is discharged in unlined inadequately structured Nallahs (drains). Higher TSS is an indication of low-level and improper treatment. This has caused ground water contamination and almost all the well samples had the presence of coliforms. TDS was also found to be very high showing effect of discharges from the disposal stations (which are ultimately recharging ground water). It was also noted that the wells and disposal station were within the catchment area of the rivers and this pollution ultimately is affecting the rivers as well.