Frequency of Cardiovascular Complications in Coronavirus-19 infected Patients during the second wave in a tertiary care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 patients

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardiorespiratory systems by causing inflammation of the circulatory systems, hence, causing more cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients Objective: To observe the frequency of cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients during the second wave Methods: 235 COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiac complication to the Cardiology Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during 6 month periods of second wave of COVID-19 were included. Data regarding the medical history, age, gender was taken and the observed cardiac complication were noted Results: There were 76.6% male patients and 23.4% female patients. 56.2 % patients were already hypertensive, 37.9% were diabetic, 18.3% had familial history of cardiac diseases. The cardiovascular manifestations observed were, myocardial infarction (57.82%), 7.3% had angina, 21.3% had acute coronary syndrome and 12.3% had non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there is a prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-patients which is a major concern as they are at increased risk for severe infection.

Automatic Colon Cancer Detection and Classi Cation

In the past two decades, automatic colon cancer detection has become an active research area. Traditionally, colon cancer is diagnosed using microscopic analysis of pathological tissue imagery. However, the process is subjective and leads to considerable inter/intra observer variation in diagnosis. Therefore, reliable computer-aided colon cancer diagnostic systems are in high demand. In this thesis, a computer-aided colon cancer diagnostic (CAD) system has been proposed that comprises three main phases. In therst phase, an unsupervised colon biopsy image segmentation technique, which is based on a few novel extensions in traditional object oriented texture analysis based segmentation technique, has been developed. The second phase deals with classi cation of colon image and gene based datasets into normal and malignant classes. For the colon biopsy image based datasets, two classi cation techniques based on hybridization of various features have been proposed. In these techniques, some traditional features such as morphological and texture, variants of traditional features, and some novel features which have especially been designed to capture the variation between normal and malignant colon tissues have been used. Similarly, for the gene expression based dataset, a novel technique that utilizes various feature selection strategies for solving the challenging problem of larger dimensionality of gene based datasets, and a weighted majority voting based ensemble of various SVM classi ers for performance improvement has been proposed. In the third phase of this work, the structural variation in the shape of lumen among various colon cancer grades has been quanti ed in terms of a few novel structural features. These features are used for the classi cation of malignant colon biopsy images into various cancer grades. Performance of the proposed diagnostic system has been validated on various datasets, and superior qualitative and quantitative performance has been observed compared to previously reported methods of colon cancer detection.