سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقاء(۱۹۴۷ ء تا۲۰۱۰)
سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے ۔یہ خطہ جغرافیائی لحاظ سے اس مقام پر واقع ہے جہاں کئی آبی گذرگاہیں ہیں۔ کشمیر اور پنجاب کے دیگر تجارتی شہروں سے اس کا قریبی رابطہ ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی، ثقافتی، سماجی، تہذیبی، علمی اور ادبی لحاظ سے لاہور اور دوسرے ادبی، ثقافتی، تہذیبی، تاریخی اور علمی شہروں سے کسی طور پر بھی کم نہیں ۔ اس شہر کی ثقافت توانائی اور رنگا رنگی لیے ہوئے ہے۔ یہاں کے میلے ٹھیلے، روایتی تہوار اور دیگر ثقافتی سرگرمیاں اس خطے کو ہمیشہ ممتاز کرتی رہی ہیں۔
سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا لا زوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ یہ ایک صنعتی شہر ہے۔ اس کی آبادی تقریباً تیس لاکھ سے زیادہ نفوس پر مشتمل ہے سر زمین سیالکوٹ صدیوں کی انسانی تہذیب و تمدن اور ادب و ثقافت کا عظیم الشان گہوارہ ہے ۔ اس دھرتی کے تاریخی آثار مدت سے مورخین و ماہرین آثار قدیمہ کی دلچسپی کا سامان بھی رہے ہیں ۔ یہاں کی تہذیب ٹیکسلا اور موہنجو ڈارو کی تہذیبوں کے ہم پلہ ہے۔
سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے ۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔ اس خطے کے باشندوں نے پاکستان کی صنعتی و اقتصادی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ علم و فن کی خدمت بھی جاری رکھی ۔ ماضی میں ملا کمال کشمیری ، ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی، امین حزیں سیالکوٹی ، اثر صہبائی، مرزا ریاض اور غلام الثقلین نقوی نے علمی وادبی حوالے سے سیالکوٹ کا نام روشن کیا۔ مولوی میر حسن ، مولوی ابراہیم میر، ڈاکٹر جمشید راٹھور اور یوسف سلیم چشتی نے علم کی پیاس بجھائی۔...
The discipline of Hadith Studies is one of the richest and exclusive disciplines of knowledge as its branches extend to hundred. The religious scholars had written thousands monographs concerning Hadith interpretations and explana-tions. Many voluminous works appeared and exist and each of them is a commendable contribution to Hadith explanations. One of significant works on Hadith explanations is “Takmila Fath al-Mulhim” that is the result of scholastic efforts of many years by Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani. This explanation of Hadith Book Muslim was originated and finished till the “section of Marriage” by Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani but he could not extend to it to the last chapter due to his political engagements and later his demise closed the chapter. Molana Muhammad Taqi Usmani completed the remaining works in 18 years & 9 months. His method of interpretation is to decipher complicated, manifold and exotic words at first as the words plays key role in authentication and validity of any connotation. He provides detailed information regarding literal and lexical meaning of a word and then with proper justification and reasoning, he gives preference to someone. He also narrates variation and diversity of meaning attached to any word and proves his standpoint about meanings with allied arguments. This article analyses his method with examples and implications.
The beginning of the twenty-first century brought a lot of changes in the educational world. Now learning is not considered as an individual activity as Lave and Wenger do not view learning as an individual cognitive processing, but as a process of participation in communities of practice. Now learning is considered not an individual activity but communal. It means everybody is the member of community. There are lots of professional development programmes conducted for schools improvement, but there are few outcomes due to several reasons. One reason could be that these programmes can not fulfill the requirements of contextual need. The second reason could be that teachers could not translate that learning into practice due to difference in context. Keeping these challenges in mind educationists introduced a school-based approach that is called Community of Practice (COP) being in which school teachers can share their concerns, successes, and challenges in their own context and learn from each other. The purpose of this research is to see if COP has been understood in Pakistani schools, what has been the process of COP and how it can be sustained as one of the approaches for school improvement. The study was undertaken in two schools, one is private and the other one is a government school. The concept of COP was introduced by AKU- IED for around 4 to 6 schools in Karachi. This study also explores how COP helped teachers (PDTs), head teachers and IED team members to enhance their understanding about this new concept as well as their own professional growth. It also highlights some of the factors, which help teachers to improve themselves and some factors, which hinder their work. This study also gives some recommendations and suggestions for creating COP in schools as well as sustaining it, as one of the best approaches to school improvement.