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Total quality management implementation in telecom industry

Thesis Info

Author

Sarah Aslam

Department

Department of Technology Management

Program

BBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Technology Management

Language

English

Other

BS 658.4013 SAT

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723157424

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فصل دوم : حدود قوانین کے عدم نفاذ کی وجوہات

فصل دوم : حدود قوانین کے عدم نفاذ کی وجوہات
پاکستان میں اسلامی قوانین کی عملی تنفیذ کا اگر جائزہ لیا جائے تو یہ بات سامنے آتی ہے کہ اس حوالے سے سب سے زیا دہ کوششیں محمد ضیاء الحق کے دور میں ہوئی ہیں ۔ اس گیارہ سالہ دور اقتدار میں اسلامی قانون سازی کے لیے کئی اقدامات کیے گئے ۔ ضیاء الحق کا سیاسی کردار اور قانون سازی کے سلسلے میں کیے گئے اقدامات کے اسباب ومحرکات اپنی جگہ، لیکن یہ کہے بغیر نہیں رہا جا سکتا کہ انہوں نے فی الواقع اسلامی قوانین کے لیے جو اقدامات کیے ان کے مثبت نتائج برآمد ہوئے ہیں ، تاہم اس حوالے سے مختلف آراء پائی جاتی ہیں ۔ افرط و تفریط سے بچتے ہوئے اگر غیر جانبداری اور معروضیت سے جائزہ لیا جائے تو قانون سازی کے سلسلے میں ان کے قابل قدر اقدامات کے باوجود معاشرے پر نمایاں اثرات نظر نہیں آئے ۔ اس کی مندرجہ ذیل چندوجوہات ہو سکتی ہیں:
الف) ضیاء الحق قوانین کو اسلامیانے کےپروگرام کے حق میں عوام کو فعال طریقے سے متحرک نہ کر سکے ۔ اس کی کئی وجوہات ہو سکتی ہیں ، جن میں سے ایک وجہ یہ ہےکہ ان کا تعلق فوج سے تھا اور وہ عوامی مینڈیٹ لے کر نہیں آئے تھے، نہ انہوں نے سیاسی جماعت بنانے یا کسی سیاسی جماعت کو اپنانے یا عوام سے براہ راست رابطہ قائم کرنے کی کو شش کی ۔ ایک ریفرنڈم انہوں نے اس مقصد کے لیے ضرور کرایا لیکن وہ اتنا مصنو عی تھا کہ وہ اپنا وزن منوانہ سکا ۔
ب)انہیں فعال اور مؤثر دینی عناصر کی حمایت بھی حا صل نہ تھی ۔ اس کی متعدد وجوہ ہوسکتی ہیں لیکن یہ بھی ایک حقیقت ہے کہ اس ملک میں دینی حوالے سے کوئی کام...

How to Deal With Prisoners: An Islamic Perspective

This paper aims at highlighting the perspective of Islam regarding prisoners’ dealing. In the light of Quranic verses and examples from the life of Muhammad (PBUH), the last messenger of Allah and his companions, it has been shown that some 14 centuries back, although there were no formal settings to captivate the inmates, yet the prisoners in individual custody or incarcerated somewhere else such as Mosques, had full rights in terms of inborn dignity, humane treatments, fair justice, practicing religion etc. They were fully protected from the torture at the hands of occupying powers or individuals. Therefore, majority of them embraced Islam within custody and become firm believers before they were released. It is therefore, recommended that any prisoners’ reform strategy in the modern Era to be successful must take into consideration the glorious principles of Islam derived from Quran, authentic Hadith and the live examples of Muhammad (PBUH) and his companion.

Analytical and Optimization Based Modeling Techniques to Assess the Performance of Submicron Sic Mesfets

In therst part of the thesis, a detailed analytical mathematical model describing I ? V characteristic of a submicron SiC MESFET has been presented. Poisson''s equation with appropriate boundary conditions is solved to determine potential distribution inside the channel. The location of Schottky barrier gate with corresponding depletion layer width where the carrier''s velocity gets saturated is evaluated. It has been demonstrated that the depletion modi cation underneath the Schottky barrier gate causesnite output conductance in the saturation region of operation. I ? V characteristics of submicron SiC MESFET have been modeled and compared with conventional velocity saturation techniques, where the depletion layer after the onset of current saturation has been treated as constant. It is noted that the proposed depletion layer modi cation technique, when incorporated in the device modeling, gave15.9% improvement in the modeled out characteristics of a submicron SiC MESFET. In the second part, an improved empirical model has been presented to simulate DC and pulsed I ? V characteristics of SiC MESFETs. A comparative analysis has been carried out by employing swarm optimization technique and it has been established that the proposed model, dependent upon the device characteristics, is7-24% better than its counterparts. Based on simulated characteristics, numerous parameters de ning the device geometrical structure have been estimated to a good degree of accuracy. It has been shown that the developed technique is versatile enough and can be a useful tool for device simulation softwares. In the third part, a technique has been developed to estimate intrinsic small signal parameters of submicron SiC MESFETs, designed for high power microwave applications. In the developed technique, small signal parameters are extracted by involving drain-to-source current, Ids instead of Schottky barrier depletion layer expression. It has been demonstrated that in SiC MESFETs, the depletion layer gets modi ed due to intense transverse electriceld and/or self-heating e ects, which are conventionally not taken into account. Thus, assessment of AC small signal parameters by employing depletion layer expression loses its accuracy for x devices meant for high power applications. A set of expressions for AC small signal elements have been developed using Ids and their dependence on device biasing have been discussed. The validity of the proposed technique has been demonstrated using experimental data.