Status of Women in Islam and its Impact on Pashtun Society in Present Times

This article discusses women rights in Islam and its impacts on Pashtoon society in the present times. The researcher talks about Islamic laws, history and the future of women rights in Islam in general and in Pashtoon society in particular. Islam is natural religion. As compared to other religions, Islam has emphasized on women rights, protection, dignity and their rights have always been focused. Islam has given a distinctive role to woman as a mother, as a sister, as daughter, and as a wife, and in other relations. According to Islamic injections, women are regarded so highly that it is said that paradise live under the feet of mother. A good wife is a great wealth of the world. Daughter is blessing of Allah. Islam has guaranteed women with education, training and all basic needs along with all types of protection. In the same manner, if we talk an over vice of Pashtoon society women rights holds great importance in the light of Islamic laws, Islamic code of conduct, customs and worship etc.

Standardization of Different Aspects of Radish Seed Production

This study was conducted to standardize plant spacing (Exp. # 1), planning geometry (Exp. # 2) and nutrients input (Exp. # 3 & 4) for quality seed production of radish. Field experiment were conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The results of 1st experiment exhibited that though the growth characters like number of branches, branch length, silique length, silique weight, number of siliques/plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield/plant were maximum in treatment combination of row and plant spacing 75×45 cm, but seed production/plot was highest in treatment combination of row and plant spacing 60×45 cm, due to higher plant population per unit area. Up take up of NPK was maximum for treatment combination of 75×45 cm due to less inter-plant competition. So, maximum seed production can be obtained by adopting the row and plant spacing of 60×45 cm. In 2nd experiment, it was observed that ridge sowing technique was the best for seed production of radish, is optimal. While, Mino Early variety, performance was better than forty days variety in ridge sowing method. Maximum, N, P and K contents in seed were also observed in ridge sowing. Least seed production was recorded in flat sowing. The results obtained from 3rd experiment indicated that the application of N, P and K @ 100: 100: 75 kg/ha was effective for getting higher seed yield of radish under climate of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Plant lodging increased at higher application rates of nutrients, especially nitrogen. Maximum N, P and K contents in seed were recorded in response to NPK application @ 125:100:50 kg/ha, 125:75:75 kg/ha, 125:50:75 kg/ha, respectively. There was no significant impact of various fertilizer doses on number of seeds/silique, silique length and seed germination. The results of 4th experiment exhibited stecklings produced from healthy roots ensured higher and uniform seed production of radish crop. Addition of N, P and K @ 75: 65: 65 kg/ha were found effective for getting higher yield of radish root crop, these roots, when subsequently used for steckling preparations, gave higher seed yield than other fertilizer application rates. Plant lodging increased with increase in nutrient application rates, especially nitrogen. There was no significant impact of various fertilizer doses on seed germination. In crux, for highest seed production, steckling should be planted on ridges, keeping row to row and plant to plant spacing of 60×45 cm, and NPK should be applied @ 100: 100: 75 kg/ha under the agro climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. While, addition of NPK @ 75: 65: 65 kg/ha to root crop for higher root yield and such roots produced higher seed yield than other fertilizer treatments.