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Thesis Info

Author

Aniza Parvez

Department

Department of Technology Management

Program

MBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Technology Management

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 005.758 ANW

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723177394

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المبحث الرابع: بعض شعراء العصر الجديد

المبحث الرابع:بعض شعراء العصر الجديد
وخلاصۃ القول أن شعراء عصر النھضۃ في الدول العربیۃ قد حرصوا عل أن یقدموا الجدید في النثر والشعر، فجددوا في الفکرۃ والأسلوب والموضوع والتصویر الأدبي ومع ھذا ظلت الأصالۃ والجودۃ الصفۃ الممیزۃ في إنتاجھم، فھناك الکثیر ممن استجابوا للدعوة إلی الشعر الحر وأقدامھم کانت ثابتة في الشعر العمودي. ومن ھؤلاء الشعراء فدوی طوقان ، نزار قباني وأدونیس وغیرھم، فقد کانوا من شعراء الشعر العمودي ولکن توجھوا إلی الشعر الحر بعد اشتھارہ وانصرفوا عن الشعر العمودي، فالجدید جذب أنظارھم وأصبحوا من أشھر شعراء الحرکۃ الجدیدۃ .
ومن أوائل الشعراء الذین تقدموا في ھذہ الساحۃ الفنیۃ نازک الملائکۃ وھي الرائدۃ، وبدر شاکر السیاب وعبدالوھاب البیاتي وبلند الحیدري من العراق، وصلاح عبدالصبور وأحمد عبدالمعطي حجازي من مصر ومحمد مصباح الفیتوري من السودان۔ وفدویٰ طوقان من فلسطین، ومحمد حسین عواد وناصر أبو حمید من المملکۃ العربیۃ السعودیۃ والکثیر من الشعراء الشباب ، ونالت حرکۃ الشعر الحر إعجاب القراء والسامعین والنقاد والأدباء. وھذہ بعض أبیات من قصیدۃ ’’ثورۃ علی الشمس‘‘ للشاعرۃ العراقیۃ (نازك الملائکۃ) یتجلی فیہ أثر انفعال الشاعرۃ في جمال الوحدۃ :
وقفت أمام الشمس صارخۃ بھا یا شمس: مثلک قلبي المتمرد
قلبي الذي جرف الحیاۃ شبابہ وسقی النجوم ضیاؤہ المتجدد
مھلاً: ولا یخدعک حزن حائر في مقلتيّ۔۔۔ و دمعۃ تتنھد!
فالحزن صورۃ ثورتي وتمردي تحت اللیالي۔۔۔ والألوھۃ تشھد
والآن سنتعرف علی بعض شعراء عصر نازك الملائکۃ وھم

بدر شاکر السیاب
ولد بدر شاکر السیاب في 25 دیسمبر 1926، فھو شاعر عراقي یعد واحداً من الشعراء المشھورین في الوطن العربي في القرن العشرین، کما یعتبرأحد مؤسسي الشعر الحر في الأدب العربي ، ویقول في أنشودۃ المطر۔
عیناك غابتا نخیل ساعۃ السحر۔
أو شرفتان راح ینأی عنھما القمر
عیناک حین تبسمان تورق الکروم
وترقص الأضواء کالأقمار في النھر
یرجّہ الجذاف وھناً ساعۃ السحر
قام بعض رواد الشعر في العراق ومنھم السیاب بمحاولات جادۃ للتخلص...

أهمية المنهج التطبيقي في تدريس الحديث النبوي وعلومه

Hadîth is the second important source of Islamic Law after the Qur’ᾱn. There is a consensus among the Muslims that Sunnah is the second revealed fundamental source of Islamic sciences. Due to the importance of these fundamental sources, Muslim scholars and educational institutions around the world have played an important role in the development of Hadîth sciences. There are different teaching methodologies and learning approaches. We should use different teaching methods to improve the quality of Hadith studies to the best level and achieve our objectives. The Applied approach is an approach that emphasizes the relevance of what is being learnt to the real world outside the classroom and makes that relevance as immediate and transparent as possible. It is a valuable approach that can be used at all levels of education. It motivates students, improves their confidence and also provides a meaningful context for learning both theoretical concepts and practical skills. There are immense possibilities for development in Hadîth studies by using the applied approach in teaching and learning of Hadîth and its sciences. The challenge is to ensure that applied approach in teaching of Hadith and its sciences plays a constructive role in improving the educational quality of Hadith studies to the level best. This research article is based on importance of applied approach in teaching of Hadîth and its Sciences.

Genetic Studies on Yield and Yield Related Traits in Wheat under Normal and Water Stress Conditions

Six wheat cultivars/lines viz; Baviacore, Nesser, 9247, 9252, 9258 and 9267 were crossed following complete diallel technique. The seed of F 1 crosses and parents was planted in the experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Planting was done under normal and water stress conditions following randomized complete block design with three replications in both of the cases. The data was recorded on ten guarded plants tagged for the purpose for each parent and cross in each replication under both of the conditions. The traits like plant height, peduncle length, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, stomatal frequency (upper flag leaf surface), size of stomata, days to heading, number of spikes per plant, spike density, number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were recorded on tagged plants in each replication. The recorded data were subjected to the analysis of variance technique to determine the genotypic differences for the traits which were exhibited highly significant under both of the water availability conditions. Combining ability and gene action analysis was carried out for all of the parameters studies. Significant change in the mean performance of all the characters was observed under the water stress condition. Additive gene action was obtained in the characters like plant height, peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, and 100-grain weight when evaluation was made using Griffing’s approach while the characters like plant height, peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, 100-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield was observed when calculations were done using Hayman’s approach under irrigated condition. Non-additive gene action was exhibited in the characters like specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index through the use of Griffing’s approach and over dominance in the characters like specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant and harvest index when Hayman’s approach was used for calculations under irrigated condition. The results under water stress conditions revealed that gene action exhibited in the characters like peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density and 100-grain weight was additive when Griffing’s approach for analysis was adopted while using the 1analysis though Hayman’s approach, additive gene action was shown by the characters like peduncle length, stomatal frequency, size of stomata, days to heading, spike density, biological yield and grain yield. The characters like plant height, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index gave non-additive gene action in Griffing’s approach and plant height, specific flag leaf area, specific flag leaf weight, number of spikes per plant, 100-grain weight and harvest exhibited over dominance in Hayman’s approach under water stress conditions. Similar gene action was shown by both calculations i.e. Griffing’s as well as Hayman’s approach for most of the characters under irrigated as well as water stress conditions except number of grains per spike, biological and grain yield under irrigated and biological and grain yield under water stress conditions. The difference of results might be due to the reason that means were used in calculation by the numerical approach while variances in graphical approach. Multi disciplinary approach involving plant breeding, genetics, biotechnology, physiology, soil and crop management for the development of water stress tolerant/ resistant genotypes in wheat, is suggested.