الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل
مسلم لیگ اورجمعیتہ العلمائے ہند دونوں ملک کی موقر اورباعظمت مسلم جماعتیں ہیں۔افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ دونوں جماعتوں کے صدر چند روزکے فصل سے راہی ملک بقاہوگئے۔ان دونوں بزرگوں کی وفات ایک عظیم ملّی حادثہ ہے جس کی تلافی عرصہ تک ہوسکے گی۔الحاج محمد اسمٰعیل نہایت لائق وقابل اوربڑے معاملہ فہم اور سوجھ بوجھ کے انسان تھے۔ان کی قابلیت کایہ عالم تھا کہ پارلیمنٹ میں جس کے ممبر وہ سالہائے سال سے تھے مالیاتی اورتجارتی مسائل و معاملات پران کی تقریر بڑی توجہ سے سنی جاتی تھی۔تقسیم کے بعدمسلم لیگ سمٹ سمٹاکر مدراس اورکیرالا میں محدود ہوکر رہ گئی تھی۔مرحوم اس کے صدر منتخب ہوئے اور آخر تک رہے۔مرحوم نے اس جماعت کواس خوبی سے چلایاکہ اس نے ملک کی سیاسی اورجمہوری جماعتوں سے اہم سیاسی معاملات میں برابر اشتراک و تعاون کیا اورحدیہ ہے کہ ایک مرتبہ وزیراعظم کی زبان سے اقرار کرالیاکہ مسلم لیگ فرقہ وارانہ جماعت نہیں ہے۔انگریزی میں ان کی تقریر بڑی پُرمغز،مدلل اور موثرہوتی تھی۔یہ کمال ان کاہی تھا کہ تقسیم سے پہلے مسلم لیگ کاجو رول اور نظریہ رہاہے مرحوم تقسیم کے بعد میں اس کو بڑی جرأت وجسارت سے صحیح ثابت کرتے اورہندوؤں کے بڑے بڑے مجمعوں میں اس کی مقبولیت پرمدلل تقریر کرتے اوراس کے باوجود ہرطبقہ اورہرپارٹی میں عزت کی نظرسے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ان اوصاف وکمالات کے علاوہ بڑے متدین،متشرع،خوش اخلاق ومتواضع اورمخلص تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔آمین
[مئی۱۹۷۲ء]
Whenever any issue regarding the religious matters was put up in the presence of the Holy Prophet (SAW), he himself explained that logically. The companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) also sought his consent in such matters. However, there were some differences among the Companions (Saḥabas) regarding some of diligently-conceived views. Later on, such differences were multiplied and caused sectarian issues. In consequence of diligently-conceived opinions and efforts to address the issues of the Holy Qu’rān and Sunnah, four distinct sects emerged. Moreover, such differences took a different form in the later years which further led to the heinous act of “Takfeer”. Currently, the mutual enmity is at a great premium especially in Pakistan. This article will introduce and analyze the selected books, trying to indicate strengths and weakness of the subject matter discussed in books, in addition to examine the methodologies used in.
Computationally efficient architectures of multirate recursive filters are presented in this thesis. An analytical transformation is introduced that converts an IIR filter into an efficient decimation/interpolation filter. The transformation is named as merged delay transformation. This transformation is applicable to first order and second order recursive difference equations. The transfer function of the transformed filter is expressed in the form of H(z M ) so that noble identity of multirate signal processing may be invoked. An N th order filter is required to be implemented in parallel using first order and second order sections. In case of decimation, a down sampler follows an anti-aliasing filter. With the help of merged delay transformation, the filter is transformed and arranged to provide filtering and down sampling in the same stage. This is possible if the filter is implemented in parallel form. Architecture is introduced where down samplers and delays are arranged on the input side. A commutator switch model operating at an M-times higher rate than the output can replace the input down samplers with successive delays. This results in M-to-1 sample rate reduction without changing the filter characteristics. The frequency response and stability of the filter is not disturbed. In case of interpolation, an up sampler precedes an anti-imaging filter. Using merged delay transformation we are able to arrange the up samplers after the sub-filters in parallel paths with successive delays. The up samplers and delays are implemented by a commutator switch model operating at L-times faster rate EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF MULTIRATE RECURSIVE FILTERS Ph.D Thesis UET, Taxila. 2008 12than the input. Output sampling rate is increased by L and 1-to-L interpolation is achieved. The stability and filter characteristics are unchanged. Filtering and sample rate changes are achieved in the same stage. This avoids the chain of integrators and differentiators as required in a variety of cascade integrator comb (CIC) architectures. Computational costs in terms of number of multiplies per output sample are compared with polyphase FIR structures and IIR structures. The cost reduction increases with increasing values of M or L. For M = 10, the reduction in cost is 82.64% as compared to FIR decimation filters. As compared to IIR structures, the reduction of the order of 48% is achieved. In case of interpolation, the cost reduction is of the order of 45% as compared to polyphase IIR structures. The reduction in cost is about 68% as compared to polyphase FIR. The transformed filters are implemented in Verilog HDL and mapped to an FPGA of Spartan-II technology. Parallel implementation of the filters provides benefits of parallel processing. Increased throughput and less hardware requirement are the important characteristics of this architecture. The technique is expected to find wide use in multirate signal processing such as efficient sample rate conversion from CD’s to Digital Audio Tape and Digital Transmitter/Receivers