سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی ، جغرافیائی ، ثقافتی،سماجی،تہذیبی،علمی اور ادبی لہاظ سے دوسرے عالمی ادبی شہروں سے کم نہیں۔سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا بھی لازوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ بقول گوپی چند نارنگ :
’’ بیسویں صدی کے اردو ادب کو سیالکوٹ کھا گیا نصف اوّل اقبال اور نصف دوم فیض‘‘۔
سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے ۔ سر زمینِ سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنونِ لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سر انجام دی ہیں۔ داغ دہلوی اور اقبال کے کئی شاگرد سیالکوٹ کے رہنے والے تھے۔ اقبال و فیض کے علاوہ ارض اقبال میں متعدد مشاہیر پیدا ہوئے جن کے شعری و نثری سرمائے میں آ فاقی موضوعات ، اصناف اور اسالیب موجود ہیں۔ اس طرح خطہء سیالکوٹ کا تخلیقی ادب عالمی ادب کے ہم پلہ ہے۔ راقم الحروف نے اپنی تخلیق بعنوان’’ ارضِ اقبال ۔ آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ سیالکوٹ سے منسلک مختلف شعرا و ادبا کی ادبی خدمات کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ لیا ہے۔ یہ تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ ادبی خدمات کے علاوہ ادبی رجحانات، ادبی اصناف، اسالیب اور اقبال شناسی کے حوالے سے بھی ہے۔
یہ تصنیف پندرہ مقالات پر مشتمل ہے ۔ جس میں حوالہ جات ، حواشی اور تعلیقات کا خاص خیال رکھا گیا ہے۔ یہ مقالات ہائر ایجوکیشن کمیشن اسلام آباد ،پاکستان کے منظور شدہ ریسرچ جرنلز میں شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد
سیالکوٹ، پنجاب، پاکستان
Before the prophecy of Prophet (S. A. W) the overall state of Arabs was so spoilt that even it was impossible for pedagogue and rectifier to show them the right path because it was not merely the matter of rectification of faith or preaching of right path neither to make them get rid of false beliefs nor to ameliorate the society. For the fulfilment of such type of rectification the preachers and guides are always there in the society and the reparation continues or carries on. The real muddle was to eliminate the arrogance and detrimental idolism which was so incessant generation to generation in the long run that the preaching and teaching of Prophet and the endeavor of guides were ineffective for them. It was the need of time to establish such type of shelter in which people of world could refuge in it. The remedy of this issue to bring into existence such type of human who was entirely different from the primitive human being. So Holy prophet (S. A. W) came as reformist. There are many golden aspects of prophet’s (S. A. W) reformation in a society, Makk life is also one of them. It is not only changed and revolutionized the whole of the human history but also changed political, social and moral scenario of world. Methodology which our Holy prophet adopted it was the first Methodology that respected and valued human wisdom along with being on right path. In this article the same view point has been discussed. The following are the main points: 1. Preacher’s conformity in words and deeds. 2. Clear mandate to set the target. 3. Perseverance to achieve the set goal. 4. The best policy for the betterment of society. 5. The key points for the leadership.
Extending the novel implications of plant viruses as invaluable genetic tools in the field of transgenic plant technology, Potato Virus X (PVX) based transient gene expression is a simple rapid, inexpensive methodology employed for preliminary screening and evaluation of insecticidal gene constructs in plant sucking insect species. In this study, PVX vector was employed to achieve high throughput expression of two-candidate insecticidal proteins viz. Hvt, (Hydronyche versuta spider) and ACA Lectin (Allium cepa agglutinin) in tobacco plants. The Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin in tobacco were bioassayed in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (P. solenopsis Tinsley), Aphis gossypii Glover, (A. gossypii Glover), M. persicae Sulzer (M. persicae Sulzer) and herbivorous insect species of Helicoverpa virescens (H. virescens), Spodoptera littoralis (S. littoralis). The results revealed severe insecticidal and antagonistic effect of Hvt in terms of significant insect mortality p<0.01%, reduced population survival and nymph production in P. solenopsis Tinsley, A. gossypii Glover and M. persicae Sulzer. ACA Lectin also exerted significant anti-feedent and insecticidal characteristics at p<0.01% on colonization and population survival in tested insects and larval mortality and lower dry weight gain in herbivorous insect species of H. virescens and S. littoralis. The practical application of PVX vector was extended through PVX- based VIGS mediated production of dsRNAs of two partial insect gene transcripts i.e. Voltage Gated Calcium Channel (PSCaVα1) and Elongation Factor (PSEF-1α) in tobacco plants and RNAi response in P. solenopsis Tinsley. The Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin and plants dsRNAs of 152 bp PSCaVα1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α in tobacco used in plant feeding bioassays. The results revealed significant insect mortality 96% PSCaV-α1 and 46% PSEF-1α and several allied phenotypic deformities like stiffing, melanization and shedding of cuticle, arrested growth and reduced fecundity in P. solenopsis Tinsley were consonant with declined expression of targeted genes in insects feeding corresponding dsRNAs duly elaborated by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The specificity of dsRNAs 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α dsRNAs derived from P. solenopsis Tinsley and 402 bp Arginine kinase (AK) from A. gossypii Glover was checked through feeding bioassays in non-target insect species like M. persicae Sulzer, H. virescens and S. littoralis. The results revealed non-significant effect of 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α and significant effect of AK in adult aphid in terms of mortality, nymphs produced and survived, larval mortality and dry weight gain in tested insect species. The cumulative results of this study highlighted the significance of PVX vector as valuable genetic tool for preliminary screening and evaluation of candidate insecticidal proteins and RNAi gene constructs. This study will enhance the efforts of biologists in a way to screen the candidate insect genes and design the complementary transgenic crop protection strategies.