شانتی رنجن بھٹا چاریہ
جناب شانتی رنجن بھٹا چاریہ کے انتقال سے اردو زبان اپنے ایک مخلص خادم اور زبردست شیدائی سے محروم ہوگئی وہ موجودہ بنگلہ دیش کے ضلع جیسور میں پیدا ہوئے تھے اور ان کی تعلیم حیدرآباد میں ہوئی تھی مگر کلکتہ ان کی سرگرمیوں کا مرکز رہا وہ عرصہ تک مغربی بنگال کے محکمۂ اطلاعات سے اور کچھ عرصہ تک مرکزی وزارت اطلاعات و نشریات سے بھی وابستہ رہے، جناب شانتی رنجن بنگالی اور اردو دونوں کے ماہر اور اردو کے ممتاز مصنف تھے۔ انہوں نے بنگلہ ادب کی تاریخ کے علاوہ بنگالی ناولوں کے ترجمے سے بھی اردو کے سرمایہ میں اضافہ کیا، وہ انجمن ترقی اردو کی مجلس عام اور اردو یونیورسٹی کمیٹی کے رکن بھی تھے، بنگال میں اردو کے فروغ اور مغربی بنگال اردو اکیڈمی کے قیام میں ان کا بڑا دخل تھا، ان کی ادبی خدمات کے اعتراف میں میر اکیڈمی لکھنؤ اور ساہتیہ اکیڈمی دہلی سے انہیں ایوارڈ بھی ملے، شانتی رنجن جی ہماری مشترکہ تہذیب کے عاشق اور صحیح معنوں میں سیکولر تھے، ہر شخص سے خوش اخلاقی اور گرم جوشی سے ملتے، راقم سے بھی دوبار ملاقات ہوئی تو اپنے خلوص و محبت کا نقش دل پر بیٹھا گئے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ اکتوبر ۱۹۹۳ء)
The purpose of this research paper is to identify the relationship between Globalization and Translation, and to discuss the impact of Globalization on Translation. Globalization has different meanings to different scholars but the common theme that may be derived from different definitions is to make global or worldwide in scope or application. Keeping in view the context of Translation Studies (TS) it is mentioned that Globalization means “to make source texts global or worldwide in understanding or application, where application refers to the teaching and/ learning about different cultures” This paper also indicates to various kinds of globalization. However the impact of Globalization on Translation was highlighted to make the point that globalization does not only impact on translation, but it has impact on the lives of translators and their jobs in addition to language translation services in various fields of translation including media, medical and legal field. It formulates an attempt to understand the significance of translation in a global context. The conclusion answered the question: Is globalization has positive and negative impact on translation?
Current Ph.D. dissertation comprises of five chapters. A brief overview of every chapter is presented to provide an outline of the research contribution which is done in this thesis. Chapter 1 provide details regarding the general introduction of Computer-Aided Drug Discovery (CADD). In particular, it focuses on molecular modeling, Structure-based and Ligand-based drug design methods. Chapter 2 is related to the inhibitory studies of CK2 protein. In this study docking, 3DQSAR and MD simulation are reported with an emphasis on how each method is utilized to gain insight at the molecular level. Alignment obtained from the top-ranked conformation of inhibitors was used for developing the statically significant 3D-QSAR model. A further model was validated through the acceptable extrapolative ability to support both training and test set compounds. Structural changes were observed with the help of MD simulation produced by different substitution on inhibitors. Based on QSAR and MD results some new compounds were also designed. Chapter 3 deals with an effort to identify new pharmacological probes with high specificity for EPAC2 inhibition, using various modern computational tools. Initially, a comprehensive assessment of different scoring function and placement methods was conducted, and effective pharmacophore-based virtual screening protocol was set for the screening of EPAC2 inhibitors. The optimal model with the best six features brought forth and used as a 3D query for virtual screening to retrieve potential inhibitors from Maybridge, Cambridge, and NCI database. The screened compounds were subsequently subjected to molecular docking and 2D-QSAR studies. Finally, 22 top scored compounds with different scaffold having interactions with active site residues were predicted as a lead candidate who may become the starting point in the development of novel and potent EPAC2 inhibitor. Chapter 4 comprise of detailed work on Aurora Kinase B inhibitors. The inhibition of Aurora kinase B is necessary for the treatment of cancerous diseases. By utilizing integrated computational techniques, including 3D-QSAR modeling, pharmacophorebased virtual screening, and MD simulation, we proposed some novel compounds as potential Aurora kinase B inhibitors. Additionally, the highly significant 3D-QSAR model was developed using CoMFA and CoMSIA method. Moreover, the obtained best pharmacophore model was used for virtual screening against a database of over 30 million drugs like molecules which were randomly selected from large commercially available databases, i.e. Chembridge, National Cancer Institute database (NCI), Maybridge and ZINC database. The hit compounds were further filtered with molecular docking, and their biological activities were predicted using the CoMFA model. Visual inspection, docking calculations, and MD simulation revealed that novel leads established better binding affinities with Aurora kinase B. Chapter 5 deals with the antidiabetic potential of naturally occurring flavonoids. In this study, 9 selected flavonoids compounds were evaluated for their binding affinities with PKA via molecular docking study. According to in silico prediction, these compounds are involved in PKA dependent pathway which was further explored by in vitro mice islets.