Efforts in Connection With Education in the Era of the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW

The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the most effective orator of all the times. He knew how to address the hearts, and thus he became the beloved one of the hearts. He first made himself loved, and then sought the ways to educate people. He used a style in his speeches that affected people and made them think, so he achieved permanent behavior change in people by means of the best educational methods. It is fact that in the present times those nations who give priorities to knowledge are ruling over the world in one way or the other way i.e militarily or economically. A very important questions strikes the minds that what is the importance of Duniavi(world) knowledge in Islam. Objectives of this study were to investigate the importance of duniavi(world) knowledge in the light of Quran and hadith and provide a guide line to our young generation for getting knowledge. There are many hadiths that encourage education and criticizes ignorance. Being a member of the Muslim nation it is our responsibility to train and guide our young generation for better future.

Ligature Recognition System for Printed Urdu Script Using Genetic Algorithm Based Hierarchical Clustering

This research article gives an across-the-board comprehensive review and survey of the most prominent studies in the field of Urdu Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This study introduces the OCR technology and presents a historical review of the OCR systems, providing comparisons between the English, Arabic and Urdu systems. Detailed background and literature have also been provided for Urdu script, discussing the script’s past, OCR categories and phases. The research paper further reports all state-of-the-art studies for different phases, namely, image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification/recognition and post-processing for an Urdu OCR system. In the segmentation section, the analytical and holistic approaches for Urdu text have been emphasized. In the feature extraction section, a comparison has been provided between the feature learning and feature engineering approaches. Deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches have been discussed. The Urdu numeral recognition systems have also been deliberated concisely. The research paper concludes by identifying some open problems and suggesting some future directions.