Practical Depiction of Gender Equality in Fiqh ul Seerah Perspective: An Analytical Assessment

“Gender equality” is certainly not another concept, this approach had been advocated in Islam, based on principles of equity and universal justice. Equality of rights are discussed in detail in sharīʿah (Islamic Law) and Holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (had implemented them during his sacred era. Because the Qur'an and the Seer’ah of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (is a permanent phenomenon of practice and guidance. According to the sharīʿah men and women without any discrimination are equal before Allah, and women had granted their rights in inheritance and property, social and marriage rights, not aforementioned only, women also have the right to perform civic and administrative duties. From last few decades the concept of gender equality has increased and becoming chicer and trending on the international level. This study emphasizes the equal status between men and women, described in sharīʿah (Islamic Law; based upon Qur’an and Hadith mainly). This concept has often been misunderstood by the majority of society as a direct result of ignorance on how Islam perceives this concept. Not surprisingly, throughout the history of Islam indicates the prominent role has played by Muslim women played every walk of life. Therefore, the present research has discussed the gender equality in fiqh ul seerah perspective and has provided the detailed interpretation in the light of derived Law from actions and decisions taken by the Holy Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم, (along this the study also sheds lights upon the implementation of these gender-based rights during most sacred prophetic era and during the period of righteous caliphate as well.

Phytoremediation of Petrochemicals Form Wastewater Using Endophytic Bacteria

Phytoremediation in association with endophytic bacteria has been proposed as a promising approach to remediate environmental contaminants. The main aim of present work was to assess in-situ association potential of isolated endophytic bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. J10 (KY608252) with two cultivars of L. perenne (small and jumbo) and Arabidopsis thaliana, diesel hydrocarbons degradation, alkb gene expression and phytotoxicity analysis. A plant-microbe phytoremediation system was established to investigate the bacteria’s ability to colonize the plant body and quantification of alkane monooxygenase (alkb) gene to help withstand diesel hydrocarbon stress in soil as well as in hydroponics. A real-time PCR method was developed to analyze bacterial colonization and survival within the plant body while GC-FID was used to observe diesel hydrocarbon degradation within the system. The analysis revealed that Pseudomonas sp. (J10) efficiently colonized all the tested plant species and expressed alkb gene under hydrocarbon stress ranging between 3.7x102 - 3.9x106 in A. thaliana and L. perenne (small), respectively. The colonization was more pronounced in soil as compared to hydroponics. Pseudomonas sp. (J10) inoculation reduced phytotoxicity in all the systems and suggested that inoculation had a positive effect on plant growth under stress conditions as compared to control. L. perenne (small) showed significant total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency (45.6%) followed by L. perenne jumbo (24.5%) and A. thaliana (6.2%). In hydroponics, L. perenne (small) degraded about 28.2% TPH followed by L. perenne (jumbo) as 24.4%. The potential of the indigenously isolated plant endophytes may be exploited further for phytoremediation efficiency and industrial applications. Keywords: Lolium perenne; Arabidopsis thaliana; alkb gene; endophytic relationship; petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.