پاكستان مدرسہ ایجوكیشن بورڈ اور علماء كے تحفظات

The ultimate goal of an education system is to produce a better citizen and create a better society. In this regard, it is the responsibility of state to design its education system on sound grounds. In Pakistan, there is dual education system, modern education system and traditional Madrasah system. Modern education system prepares its students on the bases of western education pattern while Maddris develop their students in the light of their own respective schools of thought. Thus, the two educational systems are producing two different categories of graduates, leading to imbalance and intodlerance in the society. To bridge this gap between the two systems and to make the education system harmonious, the government has passed “Pakistan Madrasa ‘h Education Board Ordinance ". Three model Maddris have been set up as a pilot project in Karachi and Sakkar for boys and in Islamabadfor girls. It was supposed to be extended in other cities as well but due to the reservations of Ulamd ' and their bitter opposition, the process did not get due attention among the public. In this paper, the authors will try to bring out the Ulamd’s reservations on "Pakistan Madrasah Education Board” in order to bringforth the policy suggestionsfor the betterment of the program.

Impact of Consumer Stressor on Impulsive Buying Behavior With Consumer Emotional Intelligence As the Moderator of the Mediating Role of Stress: A Moderated-Mediation Model

Purpose- This study was aimed to find out the impact of psychosocial stressors on impulsive buying through the mechanism of stress. In addition to this it was also aimed that what part consumer emotional intelligence plays in this relationship, does it help consumers in controlling their stress and urges to avoid impulsive buying or not. Research Design/Methodology- This study has been conducted in the geographical area of Pakistan where consumers were contacted in their natural shopping environment. Almost all the provinces were targeted for response collection. Their education level was taken into consideration so that they could be easily able to fill out the survey question naires, in addition to this they were asked that throughout in their life have they acted impulsively or not. If their answer was, yes they were asked to fill in the questionnaire. The new process macro was used to analyze data through regression which was collected from the consumers. This process helped us in finding out the main effect relations along with mediated and moderated mediated relations. The moderated mediation analysis gave us effects of moderating variable at three different levels i-e low, medium and high. Findings- The findings mostly supported the hypothesis made with a few exceptions. Psychosocial stressors like interpersonal influence, bullying, social comparison and in terdependent self construal were found significantly associated with impulsive buying. Surprisingly bullying was not associated with stress, while other psychosocial stressors clearly depicted their stress causing ability. Interdependent self construal based on liter ature was negatively associated with impulsive buying behavior but in our research the association was found to be positive, which suggest that stress can overtake the original impact of interdependent self construal available in the literature. Originality/Value- Findings of the study have great implications for psychologist, marketing researchers and practitioners who could help stressful consumers, push them to develop alternative mechanisms to handle the problem or engage them into coping mechanisms relevant to impulsive buying.