ہم سے درویش کوئی مال نہ زر رکھتے ہیں
کوئی دیوار نہ در اور نہ گھر رکھتے ہیں
یہ بھی سچ ہے کہ نہ ہم بال، نہ پر رکھتے ہیں
جاری ہم پھر بھی وفائوں کا سفر رکھتے ہیں
رکھتے بے تاب ہیں دل، آنکھ کو تر رکھتے ہیں
مرے حالات مجھے زیر و زبر رکھتے ہیں
چاکِ دامان لیے خاک بسر رہتے ہیں
تیرے دیوانے کہاں اپنی خبر رکھتے ہیں
اُن کے تُو میرے خدا! خیر سے سینے بھر دے
میرے احباب کہ جو سینوں میں شر رکھتے ہیں
روٹھنے والے بھلا بیٹھے ہیں تائب ؔہم کو
روٹھنے والوں کو ہم یاد مگر رکھتے ہیں
This article is about the poetry of Arabs and its impacts on Pashto poetry. The poetry of Arab is famous in all over the world. In this article the Arabic poetry and its kinds has been explained. Before Islam, the Arab poetry was very prominent. Arabic poetry has many ’ASN└F (aspects) such as Ghazal/Nas┘b (love poetry), ╓am┐sa (War poetry), Fakhar (Pride) Rasa’ (poems on death), Mad╒a (praise), ╓ikmat and philosophy, ║habi‘at (nature) and hija’ (poetry against someone). Arab poetry contain on five literary period and also evaluate the Sab‘a Mu‘alq┐t and his writers: (1) the most prominent Poets of Jahel┘ period were ’Amr’ ul Qais, ╓aris bin ╓ilza, ‘amar bin kals┴m, ‘Ata bin shid┐d, ║urfa, Al Nabigha, Al Aghsha. In this article explained the Pashto poetry and its periods (1) ‘Aamir kar┴r period), (2) Khushal Khan Khattak period which called the Golden period of Pashto poetry, (4) modern period. Arabic poetry has a great impacts on Pashto poetry. Arabic poetry has impacts on Pashto Ghazal, Nazam, Marsiya, Mad╒a, philosophy and nature.
A markedly noticeable reduction in summer vegetable production is observed due to prolonged exposure to elevated temperature beyond optimum growing level which finally carries food security threat in Indo-Pak subcontinent especially in the central Punjab of our country. Inherited variation in heat tolerance is a worth mentioning tool to deal with this issue. Eggplant locally called as baingan is an important vegetable crop equally cultivated and consumed in Europe and Asia. This crop has to face various biotic and abiotic stressors throughout its growing period. Hence, a brief study was planned in order to study heat tolerance potential in eggplant. The present research work was comprised of four experiments. Screening of 22 eggplant genotypes was done against heat stress and two heat tolerant and two heat sensitive genotypes were selected in first experiment. Thirty days old seedlings of eggplant genotypes were subjected to elevated temperature (45/35°C) for almost one week. Gradual heat stress was given to the seedlings to avoid osmotic shock. Heat stress tolerant and susceptible genotypes were screened out on the base of different morphological characteristics (number of leaves per plant, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weights etc.). Significant differences about heat tolerance were observed among eggplant genotypes under study. Genotype 25919 and Nirala were ranked as most heat tolerant, while 28389 and pak- 10927 were taken as most sensitive to high temperature. In 2nd experiment one month old eggplant seedlings of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were subjected to heat stress in the same manner as described for the 1stexperiment. It was confirmed from the second experiment that genotype 25919 and Nirala were found heat stress tolerant, 28389 and pak-10927 as heat sensitive also on the basis of morpho-physiological and bio-chemical basis. Further, the recorded data revealed that enzymatic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were mostly produced in heat tolerant genotypes of eggplant in comparison to heat susceptible ones. It was found that characteristics under study were purely genotype dependent.In 3rd experiment, various concentrations of triacontanol (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25µM) were given to one month old seedlings of selected eggplant genotypes at 45/35°C temperature. Data regarding growth (number of leaves, mass of fresh and dry seedlings etc.), physiological characteristics (water use efficiency, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents) and biochemical characteristics (antioxidant activities of peroxidase catalase and superoxide dismutase,) demonstrated that seedlings supplemented with 10 µM concentration of triacontanol had maximum capability to endure damaging effects of heat stress. In the last experiment of this research, nursery seedlings of selected genotypes 25919 and Nirala (heat tolerant) and 28389 and pak-10927 genotypes (sensitive), were evaluated in field. Pre grown nursery was transplanted on three dates for maximum plant exposure to environmental high temperature. Foliar application of triacontanol was given to plants. Triacontanol treated plants of all genotypes showed better morphological attributes as well as enzymatic antioxidants hence, enhancing the plant capacity to tolerate heat stress. Overall yield was found to be increased in triacontanol supplemented plants in comparison to no treated plants in eggplant. Each genotype performed better in 1st transplantation, followed by 2nd and 3rd date of transplantation. Conclusively, it can be stated that foliar application of triacontanol at 10µM concentration had potential to mitigate the extreme effects of high temperatures and produce good yield in eggplant.