عصر حاضر میں وحدت الادیان کا تصور اور اسلامی نکتہ نظر

Religion is the cradle of human civilization and will always be a core influence in determining the trends, outlooks and progression of our society, which inevitably confronts questions and issues with religious undertones. As the world becomes more multi-religious and multi-ethnic, however, there is a seemingly diminished respect for the diverse existence of faiths and ethnicities, and more concerns rise towards this new threat to peace, which can be seen in the form of religious hatred, persecution, and conflicts often involving physical violence. This rising hostility, which has become a prolonged, unstable social factor, in all manifestations is an obstacle to peace. According to the different religious scholars of the semitic and nonsemitic religions it is recommended that religion plays a vital role to save the humanity. For this purpose many scholars recommend a religious alliance and unity for the whole universe as we can prevent the violence against humanity. In this paper the different views of the scholars in favour of religious alliance while the stance of Islamic Sharia has been discussed in detail as well.

Inquiry - Based Science Teaching: An Action Research Study

The need to provide students with more inquiry-based teaching is increasing in educational settings. It is the need of our Pakistani system also, particularly research studies to initiate and implement the process in many educational settings in Pakistan. This is so that science literacy can be fostered and more attention can be given to providing conceptual understanding to the students during the teaching learning process. My study is a minor addition to the knowledge of science teaching by using inquiry as a teaching strategy. I tried to study the impact of using an inquiry-based teaching approach on students' learning. The emphasis was on the nature of questions, students ask before and after implementing inquiry and the ways they seek knowledge through using this idea in the classroom. Roth (1992) and Tobin (1991) cited by Doster, (1997) suggest that ;the epistemology underlying most traditional practice in science classrooms is objectivism, which manifests itself in the teaching of science as a body of objective facts. Teaching science from this objectivist stance contradicts the philosophical basis of the nature of science. Agreeing with the author, I would say that teaching in science classrooms should not focus the objectivism, instead it is essential to nurture the philosophical basis of the nature of science by providing various practical opportunities of learning to the students, of which inquiry-based teaching could be one. The project was designed using the qualitative paradigm of research. It was an actionoriented study in which the focus was on students' learning. One experienced teacher volunteered for the study as a co-operative teacher. The purpose of the study was to provide opportunities to the students to come up with their own ideas and test them to validate their knowledge. Actually, I wanted to provide opportunities for students to explore, manipulate and inquire into things that are in their surroundings particularly by questioning them. I assumed that by teaching this approach, students would develop their inquisitiveness and learn more effectively. For this purpose, I used many innovative ideas to encourage students to ask questions, especially open and high-order questions. Dissertation Abstracts MEd V Class of 2002 35 The findings of the study show, that inquiry-based teaching produces a positive impact on students' learning. This claim is made in the light of the data gathered in the form of students' questions. In a class of 58 students, 329 written questions were asked during one focused