دین اسلام کی ترویج میں دعوت و تبلیغ کی اہمیت: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Before the birth of the Holy prophet, human society yet again got at the verge of destruction due to apostasy and ignorance. The Holy Prophet introduced Islam to the sinking humanity. For spreading its message "Dawat"; Calling (To God) was made everybody's job. As Allah says in the holy Quran: "The Believers, men and women, are protectors, one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid  what is evil: " (9: 71). There are three fundamental groups of preachers. The first is the "Dawat" of common people to others. It is imperative for such a preacher that he himself should get the knowledge of religion through Islamic law and then communicate every virtue of it to his family, friends, neighbors and close relatives. The second is the place of Nobles. They include the commentators of the Quran, the narrators of the Prophet's Sayings, theologians and the learned scholars. The commentators of the Quran explain the meanings of the verses of the Quran keeping in view the conditions of the Quranic sciences. The narrators interpret the meanings of the Sayings of the Holy Prophet. The theologians or the learned scholars are entitled to discuss the Quran, Prophet's Sayings and the problems of the Islamic laws. The third is the place of the favorites. These people are the perfect successors of the Prophets. They have full control over the knowledge of laws as well as over the knowledge of mysteries. As Allah says: "and purify them", (one of the responsibilities of the Holy Prophet was to purify the souls). At a place it is said: "Truly he succeeds that purifies it" (91: 9). In this article research is done on "Calling (to God) and conveying His message".

Copying With Private Tuitions for Higher Secondary Exams: Dilemma of Students and Their Parents Living in Karachi, Pakistan

Over the past few decades Pakistan has witnessed an upsurge in the privitisation of education. With education turning into an enterprise a dominant sector promoting and endorsing the trend is that of private tuition centres. Appearing as the third most important and rapidly emerging education sector in the country, students and their parents are flabbergasted and forced to utilize this avenue in pursuit of getting high grades. This trend intensifies further in higher classes when the students have to appear in higher secondary exams. The results of these exams Are the defining factor to secure admissions into reputable professional universities. Thus the Stakes are too high and due to the blatant competition parents face a dilemma and have no alternative but to select the best tutors for their children at any cost. This research brings forward the point of view and coping techniques of parents as well as students who have to manage various factors to ensure private tuitions. Phenomenology was used as the research design to get in depth information of the lived experiences of the participants. The key findings revealed that students and parents are under an acute pressure during these crucial years of the academic life. They have to manage finances, resources and have to make multiple adjustments and compromises to manage private tuitions. It is the need of the hour that concrete steps and comprehensive plans must be devised and implemented by the policy makers to regulate the private education sector in the country that would not only lessen disparities but also reduce pressure on students and their parents especially in higher classes.