سری پرکاش جی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہندوستان کی دو نامور شخصیتوں سری پرکاش جی اور پروفیسر محمد حبیب نے وفات پائی، سری پرکاش کی شخصیت مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی اہم تھی، وہ ہندوستان کے مشہور فلسفی صوفی ڈاکٹر بھگوان داس کے فرزند اور پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کے پرانے معتمد علیہ رفیق تھے، انگلستان کی تعلیم کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی اور اس کے بعد تک ہر مرحلہ میں دونوں کا ساتھ رہا، آزادی کے بعد سری پرکاش حکومت کے ذمہ دار عہدوں پر رہے اور بڑی خوبی سے اپنے فرائض انجام دئیے اور اپنے اخلاص اور سلامت روی کی بنا پر پاکستان میں بھی ہائی کمشنری کے زمانہ میں مقبول رہے اور دونوں ملکوں کو قریب لانے کی کوشش کی، وہ ہماری پرانی مشترک تہذیب کی یادگار اور ہندو مسلم اتحاد کے بہت بڑے علمبردار تھے اور آخر تک اس پر قائم رہے، ان کا سب سے بڑا وصف ان کی بے تعصبی، فراخدلی اور اخلاقی بلندی تھی، وہ سیاست میں بھی صداقت و اخلاص پر عامل تھے، جو آجکل کے سیاسی لیڈروں میں کمیاب ہے اس لیے آزادی کے بعد کے حالات سے بہت بددل تھے، عرصے سے خانہ نشینی اختیار کرلی تھی، لیکن کبھی کبھی اپنے خیالات اخبار کے ذریعہ ظاہر کرتے رہتے تھے، ایک دو مرتبہ پنڈت جواہرلال نہرو کے ساتھ دارالمصنفین بھی آئے تھے، اور یہاں کے بزرگوں سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، وہ جس تہذیب کی پیداوار تھے اس کا دور اب ختم ہوگیا، سری پرکاش اس کی آخری یادگار تھے، اب ایسے نمونے نہ پیدا ہوں گے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)
Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, brittle, flavorless foodstuff, derived from collagen obtained from various animal by-products. Gelatin obtained from plants, fish or from the hides of animals lawfully slaughtered is pure, sacred and lawful. Since bones of carrion animals are pure and sacred, so gelatin obtained from them is lawful as well. Gelatin obtained from pigs is impure and unlawful. In this article, the methodology of using gelatin in foodstuffs and medicines is being discussed and its religious and lawful status is being elaborated.
Water stress imparted by drought is the most prevalent abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity and it is more threatening for crops require a lot of water i.e. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The present study aimed to develop the drought tolerant transgenic sugarcane. Two commercial cultivars (CPF-245 and CPF-237) and three advanced lines (CSSG-668, S-2003US633, S-2003US114) of sugarcane grown in Punjab, Pakistan were evaluated for callus induction, embryogenic callus production and regeneration from apical discs. CSSG-668 was found to be the best genotype yielding maximum embryogenic callus production and regeneration whereas cv. CPF-245 exhibited the lowest callus induction and regeneration frequency. Selective agent (geneticin G-418) at five concentrations; 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L was used to optimize selection conditions with non-transformed embryogenic calli. Variable effects of the selective agent were observed on different sugarcane genotypes for appropriate selection. The geneticin concentration at 60 mg/L was found to be the suitable dose to select the calli of genotypes CSSG-668, CPF-245 and S-2003US633. However, for S-2003US-114, 35 mg/L geneticin was found to be optimum. Similarly, 60 mg/L geneticin, was optimum dose to select regenerated plantlets of the cultivars CSSG-668 and CPF-245 while it was 40, 25 mg/L for the cultivars S-2003US-114 and S-2003US-633, respectively. Drought tolerant transgenic sugarcane lines were developed by exploiting the potential of vacuolar H+ pyro-phosphatase (AVP1 gene). The genetic transformation of sugarcane was done through Biolistic mediated transformation method. Seventy eight embryogenic calli plates of sugarcane cultivar CSSG-668 were bombarded and 120 putative transgenic plants resistant to selection marker (Geneticin) were obtained. Out of these, 34 plants showed the presence of both AVP1 and nptII (selection marker) genes. Southern results further confirmed the stable integration of transgene. One to four copies were present in sugarcane genome. Thirteen lines which showed better morphology were selected and transplanted in micro plots for drought tolerance screening. Two irrigation treatments well watered and limited water conditions were applied. Northern and Western analyses showed variable and higher expression of AVP1 gene in transgenic lines compared with non-transgenic line under stress condition. The effects of drought stress on agronomic parameters i.e., cane height, number of millable canes, number of internodes, cane diameter, brix % and physiological parameters i.e., relative water contents in the leaf, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were noted. Interaction among water stress treatment x sugarcane lines was statistically significant for all observed agronomic parameters and physiological parameters at P<0.05. Visually it was observed that transgenic sugarcane lines showed better growth and plant height when compared with non-transgenic line. Water stress significantly reduced the cane height, number of internodes, cane diameter, number of millable canes and Brix %. However transgenic sugarcane lines SP27, SP34, SP58 and SP10 showed better agronomic performance than respective non-transgenic line under stress condition. Physiological parameters such as relative water contents (RWC), leaf water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψo) and turgor potential (Ψp), photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are the important traits for the identification of drought tolerant and sensitive lines. Significant variations were found in all tested genotypes for these traits. Transgenic sugarcane lines SP27, SP34 and SP58 showed better physiological performance water relation than non-transgenic line and other transgenic lines. This study provided an evidence regarding potential of AVP1 for drought tolerance.