علامہ سیوطی کی کتاب لباب النقول فی اسباب النزول کا تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ

Islam is a natural and complete code of life for human being. Among the basic sources of Islamic teachings, The Holy Quran is the first and fundamental source. In the field of Islamic studies, Quran discipline has many branches and sub disciplines which assist us to understand the Quran, these sub-disciplines are called “Ulum Al Quran”. “Ulum Al Quran” are divided in hundreds types and Ilm Asbab Al Nuzul” is a very important among these types. The importance of this ilm can be gauged that the scholars and Interpreter of The Holy Quran have written separate books with respect of this ilm. We can see that after Allama Wahidi, Allama Jalaluddin Suyuti has also compiled a value able book named:  "لباب النقول فی اسباب النزول"“Libab Al Nuqul Fi Asbab Al Nuzul” on this Ilm. In this article will try to find out and explain the methodology of Allama Jalaluddin Suyuti in his basic and majestic book with narration of its value ability, popularity and necessary introduction.

Taxonomic Study of Family Cicadellidae Hemiptera in Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan

The leafhopper fauna contributed in present work contains both Palaearctic elements e.g. from Iran and Afghanistan and Oriental elements e.g. from India, together with a desert fauna that extends from Pakistan, Tharparkar to W. Africa. All elements can be recognized in the present work together with several cosmopolitan genera and species. All the collected specimens were carefully studied and compared with the types present in the Natural History Museum, London, Zoological Museum University of Karachi and pertinent literature. Present work constitutes five subfamilies: Deltocephalinae, Typhlocybinae, Megophthalminae, Cicadellinae and Idiocerinae. A total of 92 genera and 201 species of Cicadellidae are updated from the region including 3 new species, 32 new records 19 synonymies and 4 new combinations: Deltocephalinae with 31 genera, 57 species, 2 new species, 28 new records, 16 new synonyms and 4 new combinations; Megophthalminae with 5 genera, 10 species, 4 new records; Typhlocybinae with 51 genera, 126 species and 1 new synonym; Cicadellinae with 1 genus and 2 species and Idiocerinae with 5 genera, 6 species, 1 new species and 2 new synonyms. From Tandojam in total 30 genera and 44 species of leafhoppers are studied. Notes are provided for the new species previously described from Pakistan and for other genera and species from the region that are recorded here. Forty nine species are figured and imaged; Images of some type specimens from BMNH are given. Key to the subfamilies, tribes, genera and species are also provided. The checklist is provided for all five subfamilies; all are updated only with verified species from literature and present collection. Distribution table of Deltocephalinae is divided into 6 groups: Cosmopolitan (Old and New World), S. Palaearctic and Old World tropics, S. Palaearctic and Pakistan, Endemic to Pakistan, Oriental and Oriental & Pacific. The measurements in millimetre is provided for all figured specimens. Reassessment of the past work as presented here seems appropriate and will provide a good framework for future taxonomic work.