سیٹھ ابراہیم مہتمم مدرسہ عمر آباد
عمرآباد مدراس میں حاجی عمر (روشن کمپنی) کا خاندان ایک خاص حیثیت رکھتا ہے۔ حاجی صاحب امرتسر کے علمائے غزنویہ کے فیض سے مستفیض اور توحید و سنت کے متبع تھے، کامیاب تاجر تھے، اپنے ہی نام سے شمالی آرکاٹ میں ایک زمین خرید کر عمرآباد نام کا ایک مقام آباد کیا تھا اور وہاں ایک بڑے عربی مدرسہ دارالسلام کی بنیاد رکھی تھی، چندسال ہوئے کہ انہوں نے وفات پائی اور تیں صالح اولادیں اپنی یادگار چھوڑیں، اسماعیل، ابراہیم اور اسحاق، سب سے بڑے اسماعیل تو کاروبار کے نگراں ہیں اور ابراہیم نے جو منجھلے تھے مدرسہ کی دیکھ بھال، اس کے قیام و ترقی کو اپنی زندگی کا مقصد قرار دیا تھا، ابھی پچھلے سال جوہری طنطاوی کی تفسیر کا اردو ترجمہ ایک ہزار روپے کے صرف سے مطبع معارف میں چھپوایا تھا، مدرسہ کے لئے کتب خانہ تنہا اپنی ذات سے کتابیں خرید کر فراہم کیا تھا، اس کے لئے ایک عمارت بھی بنوائی تھی، افسوس کہ یہ پھول کھلنے سے پہلے ہی مرجھا گیا، یعنی ۳۰؍ رجب ۱۳۵۷ھ کو اس دنیائے ناپائیدار کو الوداع کہا، رحمہ اﷲ تعالیٰ۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۳۸ء)
Khawājah Obāidullah Multānī’s Mystical Pattern of Preaching in Establishing Peace and Harmony and Its Contemporary Meaningfulness: An Analytical Study A Sufi, literally practically in denotation and connotation is such a figure whose heart is naturally and habitually free of pollution of pride, prejudice, sectarianism, ethnicity, linguicism, and hatred for animate and inanimate things on any ground. This purity of sentiments and sanctity of thoughts of Sufis of Islam have always influenced not only the morality of the Muslims but also attracted the people of anti-Islamic faiths. Human history in general and Islamic history, in particular, is replete with such instances as prove that where logistics and warring tactics of the Muslims failed to produce any positive and healthy effects, these were the unseen swords of Sufis' unmatched conduct and exceedingly supreme love for humanity which bore results of ever-lasting magnitude. Due to the safe and unbiased style of the preaching of Sufis of Islam, foes became friends, twisted pathways became straight high ways of peace and prosperity, the grieved became happy, the downtrodden became the champions and the rejected ones became the accepted ones. Sufis have always been the torchlight and beacon-house equally for the believers and the non-believers. Sufis’ preaching style has been the epitome of the style of Prophet of Islam.
On Network Lifetime Maximization in Wireless Sensor Networks with Sink Mobility Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) extend human capability to monitor and control the physical world, especially, in catastrophic/emergency situations where human engagement is too dangerous. There is a diverse range of WSN applications in terrestrial, underwater and health care domains. In this regard, the wireless sensors have significantly evolved over the last few decades in terms of circuitry miniaturization. However, small sized wireless sensors face the problem of limited battery/power capacity. Thus, energy efficient strategies are needed to prolong the lifetime of these networks. This dissertation, limited in scope to routing only, aims at energy efficient solutions to prolong the lifetime of terrestrial sensor networks (i.e., WSNs) and Underwater WSNs (UWSNs). In WSNs, we identify that uneven cluster size, random number of selected Cluster Heads (CHs), communication distance, and number of transmissions/receptions are mainly involved in energy consumption which lead to shortened network lifetime. As a solution, we present two proactive routing protocols for circular WSNs; Angular Multi-hop Distance based Clustering Network Transmission (AM-DisCNT) and improved AM-DisCNT (iAM-DisCNT). These two protocols are supported by linear programming models for information flow maximization and packet drop minimization. For reactive applications, we present four routing protocols; Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (HEER),Multi-hop Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (MHEER), HEER with Sink Mobility (HEER-SM) and MHEER with Sink Mobility (MHEER-SM). The multi hop characteristic of the reactive protocols make them scalable. We also exploit node heterogeneity by presenting four routing protocols (i.e., Balanced Energy Efficient Network Integrated Super ix Heterogeneous (BEENISH), Mobile BEENISH (MBEENISH), improved BEENISH (iBEENISH) and improved Mobile BEENISH (iMBEENISH)) to prolong the network lifetime. Since the problems of delay tolerance and mobile sink trajectories need investigation, this dissertation factors in four propositions that explore defined and random mobile sink trajectories. On the other hand, designing an energy efficient routing protocol for UWSNs demands more accuracy and extra computations due to harsh underwater environment. Subject to nodes’ energy consumption minimization, we present Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and Courier Nodes (CNs) based routing protocol for UWSNs. We validate our propositions for both WSNs and UWSNs via simulations. Results show that the proposed protocols where we incorporated sink mobility perform better than the existing ones in terms of selected performance metrics.