أثر الروابط الاجتماعية في تحقيق الأخوة الإسلامية في عهد النبوة

This research addresses Islam's view of the social ties that man creates by virtue of his living among the people or in which he borns as its member, and aims to answer several questions about the relationship of these social ties with the Islamic brotherhood bond that Islam has brought. Does Islam recognize the social ties? On which basis does Islam recognize them and why? What is their position in front of Islamic brotherhood? How does Islam invest these ties to achieve religious, psychological and social security? Are there any conditions that Islam has developed to recognize and nurture these ties? The answer to these questions comes through the Qur’ānic texts, the prophetic Hadiths and the events of the Prophet's biography, based on open and direct reference, and away from the ambiguous interpretations or weak evidences; in order to clarify this matter clearly, and to check the validity of the results of the study.

Outcomes of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Lma Application During Ventilation Among Children at French Medical Institute for Children, Kabul, Afghanistan

Background: Historically, there were some difficulties in saving patients’ lives in many cases such as diseases in which the patients were unable to managed for airway resuscitation. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has traditionally been used to secure the patients airway and maintain spontaneous ventilation during short outpatient surgical procedures in which general anesthesia required. To continue this practice at FMIC, Kabul, this study was conducted to identify the outcome of LMA among children of Kabul, Afghanistan, at FMIC. Objective: This research study was conducted to identify the outcomes of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) application during ventilation among children at FMIC Institute, Afghanistan. Methodology: A descriptive Case series study design was employed to study research question. The study population comprised of all the children undergoing laryngeal mask airway (LMA) application during surgery at FMIC, Afghanistan from January 2015 till August 2016 and the data collection was done from the file records from July till August 2016. The information was also collected after reviewing the history of LMA. This study was conducted at French Medical Institute for Children (FMIC), Kabul Afghanistan. FMIC is a children's hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, established in 2005 and is ISO 9001:2008 accredited, and was the first medical centre to receive this accreditation in 2009. The sample size for this study was calculated by using the statistical method of Epi-Info software 2000. The data was entered in SPSS version 23. Discriptive analysis was mainly done to estimate the proportion of the outcomes among those who had LMA during proceudres from 2015 till 2016. Results: There were 207 children with different airway anomalies from different province of Afghanistan (Parwan 7.8%, Kabul 80%, Qandhar 12% etc). All of them underwent for application of LMA under mechanical ventilation at department of anesthesia, FMIC Afghanistan from, 1st January 2015 to 31st August 2016. This study also identified that LMA was used in both the genders; Females (71%) and Males (29%). Our study demonstrated high success in application of anesthesia equipment with minimum, complication during ventilation and have identified only 9.15 % children had development of complication. These complications were only bronchospasm and stridor.Conclusion: Our study have shown that Larengyal Mask airway is safe to intubate among children during diferent surgical procedure with airway anomilies. They developed less complication. From review of history of LMA, this study identified that LMA is safe and secure equipment for ventilation during anesthesia.