صلوۃ التر اویح اور جسم انسانی
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا اور عظمت کا تاج اس کے سر پر سجایا۔ اس کو انبیاء کرام کے توسل سے آگاہ فرمایا کہ ہدایت کا راستہ کونسا ہے اور گمراہی اور ذلت کا راستہ کون سا ہے، اس کو اس کی پیدائش کی غرض و غایت سے بھی خبر دار کیا کہ تمہاری پیدائش کا مقصد میری عبادت اور معرفت ہے۔ جو شخص زندگی بھر اللہ کی عبادت اور بندگی کرتارہا وہ کامیاب و کامران رہا اور جس نے اس کی عبادت سے منہ موڑ اخائب وخاسر ہوا۔
دیگر عبادات کی طرح صلوۃ التراویح بھی ایک اہم عبادت ہے۔ اس کی ادائیگی سے اس کو ڈھیروں نیکیوں کا خزانہ میسر آتا ہے وہاں یہ عبادت اپنے عبادت گزار کے جسم و جان کے لیے بھی انتہائی نافع ہے۔ جملہ عبادات کا بنظر غائر جائزہ لیا جائے تو اس سے یہ بات مترشحّ ہو جاتی ہے کہ احکام الٰہی کی پیروی سے جہاں روحانی آسودگی کا سامان میسر آتاہے وہاں جسمانی اعضاء کی صحت بھی برقرار رہتی ہے۔ نماز کی ترتیب بھی حکمت سے خالی نہیں ہے۔ فجر کی نماز مختصر ہوتی ہے اور صرف چار رکعت کی ادائیگی سے مسلمان اپنے فرض سے عہدہ برآ ہو جا تا ہے۔ اور اس میں جوحکمت کارفرما ہے وہ یہ ہے کہ انسان کے جسم میں موجود معدہ خالی ہوتا ہے اور اس مختصرسی عبادت کی ادائیگی سے جسم انسانی میں کوئی گراوٹ محسوس نہیں ہوتی اور طبیعت سرور و نشاط محسوس کرتی ہے۔
دو پہر ظہر کی نماز میں 12 رکعت اس لیے رکھ دی گئی ہیں کہ انسان دوپہر کو کھانا کھا کر عبادت کے لیے حاضر ہو جاتا ہے۔ اور تعداد میں اضافہ کے سبب اس کے معدہ کی حرکات وسکنات میں بھی زیادتی آجاتی ہے...
Research on gender roles in relation to government bureaucratic structures is still minimal. This study aims to find answers to the main problem, namely how the role of women in the local government bureaucracy seen from human resource development aspect in Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to create a picture of the gender presentation in the bureaucratic staffing and the role of women. The subjects of this study were women who hold echelons. The data collection technique used in this study was literature review. For the validity of the data, the cross check technique was used. The data analysis technique used is the inductive analysis technique. The results showed that the role of women in the local government bureaucracy in Central Sulawesi was still not fully implemented. The echelon holder ratio is still dominated by men. However, it is possible that this ratio will change over time.
Cheddar cheese cultures were isolated and purified from indigenous sources using various microbiological techniques and characterized on basis of sugar fermentation, biochemical and enzyme activity tests, growth at various temperatures, pH and NaCl concentrations and using API identification kits. Raw milk and sour cream were found the most suitable indigenous sources for isolation and purification of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. The later was differentiated from the former by no acid production from maltose, ribose, mannitol, arabinose, inositol, trehlose, negative arginine hydrolysis test, no growth either in 4% w/v NaCl or at 40°C and pH 9.2. Commercially available and locally isolated strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis were propagated in combination of 95:5 to prepare the mother cultures. These mother cultures were employed in standardized buffalo and cow’s milks to manufacture Cheddar cheese and ripened at 4°C and 12°C for 120 days. During ripening, cheese was evaluated for physico-chemical composition and sensory quality. Buffalo milk cheese contained significantly higher fat, protein, ash, lactose, sodium, calcium, potassium and organic acids contents; particularly lactic, citric and butyric acid contents as compared to cow. Cheddar cheese prepared from indigenous cultures had significantly lower lactose and pH and higher acidity than commercial cultures. The concentrations of all the organic acids produced by indigenous cultures were distinctly higher than commercial cultures. During ripening, lactose and pH decreased while acidity increased significantly. The concentrations of all the organic acids increased highly significantly during ripening and elevated temperature considerably accelerated the production of all organic acids except pyruvic acid. Starter cultures and ripening temperatures substantially influenced the aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, while milk composition considerably affected the alcoholic and sulphur compounds. Descriptive sensory evaluation indicated that cheese samples prepared from buffalo milk using indigenous cultures were scored significantly higher for most of the attributes. Elevated temperature perceptibly accelerated the development of odor, flavor and texture characteristics during ripening. Hence, it is concluded that indigenous starter cultures and buffalo milk produced the cheese with improved quality and elevated temperature accelerates the process of ripening.