انسانی حقوق کا جدید فلسفہ اسلامی تناظر میں

The concept of freedom and equality enshrined in democratic systems though solves certain individual problems, but at the same time many collective problems arise. In this context, these democratic values become inconsistent with principles of Islamic political system because the concept of freedom and equality in Islam is different from that in western democracy. The Islamic Sharīʻah has divided the obligatory duties into Ḥuqūqul Allah and Ḥuqūq-al-ʻIbād and complying with them guarantee the success in this world and the hereafter. Islam not only connects rights and responsibilities with each other, but also determines their priorities. Those societies where an imbalance is created in discharging duties and rights get caught up in mischief and trouble as an unavoidable consequence as if human beings play the main role in the construction and destruction of societies. Keeping in mind the above mentioned issues, the reality of modern philosophy of human rights and its basic criterions and effects in Islamic perspective has been reviewed to find the causes of failure of modern philosophy in protecting the human rights in the contemporary era. Similarly, explaining the concept of human rights in Islam in modern perspective, a research-based analysis has been presented in this paper.

Mathematical Analysis of Transmission and Control of Hiv/Aids in Different Regions of Pakistan

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first acknowledged in the world in 1981. Highly Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was recognized as a cause of AIDS in 1983. By that time, nearly 96,000 people were living with HIV in Pakistan. The epidemic is of great public health concern because HIV is infectious and causes severe morbidity and death at last. However, successful treatment of HIV/AIDS requires high levels of adherence to prescribed medications. Epidemiologically, there are two approaches to control widespread disease—prevention and treatment. Although there is no cure, treatment exists that has transformed this disease from an acutely lethal infection into a manageable chronic illness. Therefore, the vision of this thesis, to build up mathematical models that can explain the spatial division of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan and gives assurance of treatment adherence within the country. For this purpose, we will study spatial cluster and autocorrelation analysis including trend surface analysis, semivariogram and different types of kriging etc. with the help of ArcGIS 10. We are also interested to study the HIV infection rate in Pakistan using mathematical statistics techniques that will be very helpful to produce maps of risk areas. Multilevel models will be performed using WinBUGS(c) for the significant spatial effects and relative risk factors in explaining the variation of HIV/AIDS. Thus, the areas with high risk can indicate typically and it is to be helpful for health policy makers, manage quick risk assessment and resource allocation. We will also try to make a model to express some major drug with their side effects and high levels of adherence to prescribed medications by using fuzzy matrix theory which is one of the best tools to analyze raw data involving elusiveness. Lastly, examines the biological consequences and public health implication of poor adherence in order to highlight the severity of this problem. We are also interested to make a comparative study model to improve the understanding level of the people about intervention of the disease and motivate them to change their risk behavior and social norms. Awareness to disease can help people to adopt suitable preventive procedures to keep themselves away from the risk.