بھٹو مرتا کیوں نہیں ؟
بے نظیر اپنی کتاب میں لکھتی ہیں کہ جب لاہور ہائی کورٹ نے انہیں سزائے موت سنائی تو وہ کوٹ لکھپت جیل گئیں بھٹو صاحب کو لوہے کی تاروں سے بنی چارپائی پر لٹا کر ان کے بازو اور پائوں کو زنجیروں سے باندھا ہو ا تھا ۔چارپائی پر چٹائی بھی نہیں تھی ۔مچھروں کے کاٹنے کی وجہ سے ان کے ہاتھ پائوں اور چہرہ سرخ ہو رہا تھا ۔بے نظیر بھٹو پر نظر پڑتے ہی کڑکدار ا آواز میں بولے "Hi pinci how are you"اور پھر کہنے لگے آپ کو اندر سے توڑنے کے لیے مجھے اس طرح باندھا گیا ہے لیکن آپ نے ٹوٹنا نہیںہے ۔
پھر جب سپریم کورٹ کے چاروں ججوں نے سزائے موت سنائی (تین ججوں نے انیں بری کیا کل سات جج تھے )تو انہیں جیل کی کال کوٹھری میں رکھا گیا ۔انہوں نے بھوک ہڑتال کی جو گیارہ روز جاری رہی اس عرصہ میں کال کوٹھری کی چھت پر لوگ بڑے بوٹ پہن کر ناچتے رہتے تھے تا کہ بھٹو سو نہ سکے اس کے باوجود بھٹو بیمار نہیں ہوئے اور بارہویں رات کو پھانسی چڑھ گئے ۔
جو دوست اب سوال پوچھتے ہیں کہ بھٹو مرتا کیوں نہیں ہے تو گزارش ہے کہ ایسے بہادر انسان کا جسم تو مر جا تا ہے لیکن نام رہتی دنیا تک زندہ رہتا ہے ۔جیے بھٹو ۔
The present study was conducted to probe the role of religion in mate selection among educated females of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from 278 working women from three public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. The University of Agriculture, University of Peshawar and Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. Simple random method was applied to pick the samples from the study area whereas chi-square statistics was applied to get the major findings. Results reveal a contradictory type of situation as on the one hand, religion particularly the rituals were strictly followed during marriage but on the other hand, the mate selection rights of women were ignored mainly. This is practiced despite of the fact that Islam has given right/liberty in mate selection to both men and women. Female respondents attributed it to lack of Islamic knowledge on part of family members or they do it to get more say and power through following common values and culture. Religious leaders do not lay much stress on the rights given by Islam to females in mate selection in their religious sermons. The issue according to respondents was not discussed either. Females on their part, though found interested in mates from their own sect or religious groups preferred liberal males over conservative ones because believing them to be stern and inflexible. The study recommends that an awareness campaign through mass media which may include religious leaders, civil society and political parties needs to be launched in order to raise awareness among both the educated and uneducated females along with their parents regarding mate selection, the nature and impact of religious misinterpretations, and current wave of western values, materialistic outlook and idealism that affects the selected females perception about mate selection.
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus (family Reoviridae), is a non-contagious infection of domestic and wild ruminants. BTV infection is an emerging hazard in small ruminants having socio-economic impacts on animals and associated people. The disease dynamics and its potential determinants are not yet studied in Pakistan. Keeping in view the importance of this disease, the sero-epidemiology of BT infection in various areas of KPK province of Pakistan was focused. Moreover, very few data is available in Pakistan on the prevailing serotypes based on the antigen antibody reaction. Molecular typing is sensitive as well as specific method to detect prevailing and novel serotypes of BTV in KPK province of Pakistan. Furthermore, the bluetongue virus infection has quite wide pathophysiological characteristics in small ruminants. BTV infection is responsible for the functional affection in various organ systems like respiratory, hepatobiliary and spleen. Keeping in view the importance of BTV in terms of its significance in creating wide range of pathologies in the animal host, this phase was focused on the evaluation of CBC, LFT and RFT in small ruminants. A total of n=408 sera originating from sheep (n=212) and goats (n=196) were randomly collected for detection of BTV group specific antibodies through competitive ELISA (c-ELISA). Univariable and multiple logistic regressions were applied to assess the potential risk factors responsible for the occurrence of this disease. Results showed an overall prevalence of 50.00% (CI=44.17–54.83) of BTV in both sheep and goats with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among different districts. The prevalence of BTV in sheep was found higher (56.60%, CI=49.6–63.4) than goats (42.86%, CI=35.8–50.1). The risk factors identified based on chi-square test were; 1–2 year of animals, herd size and location in sheep while, milking status, ticks infestation, location and herd size for goats (p < 0.05). On the basis of univariable analysis, 1–2 year of animals, and location for sheep while, ticks infestation and location for goats (OR > 1). Multiple logistic regressions conferred only herd size and location as potential risk factors (OR > 1) for BTV in sheep and goats. The study concluded higher prevalence of BTV in sheep than the goats, the risk factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of disease, and together ascertaining the needs to design appropriate disease management and control strategies in sheep and goats. A total of 408 serum samples of four districts (Mansehra, Abbottabad, Swabi, and Kohat) of KPK from small ruminants were screened based on competitive ELISA (cELISA); 204 (50%) were found positive for BTV group specific antibodies and those samples were processed for detection of BTV serotypes through real time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 204 cELISA positive samples; 60 (29.41%) were found positive through qPCR. Three serotypes [6, 8, 9] were detected from district Mansehra, two from Kohat [2, 8] and Abbotabad [6, 8], while only one from Swabi [8]. The serotype ‘8’ was found consistently from all the four study districts. A significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) was recorded in goats whereas, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in sheep infected with BTV, compared to healthy animals. The hematological parameters showed significantly (p<0.05) raised Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) in both sheep and goats, whereas, only Hematocrit (HCT) value were increased significantly (p<0.05) in infected sheep. This is the first report on serotyping of BTV among small ruminants from KPK province of Pakistan. Data regarding seroepidemiology and molecular typing were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square (χ2) test while risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression using SPSS version 20. The P value less than 0.05 and odd ratio (OR>1) were considered significant. The data regarding hemato-biochemical study was analyzed by student t-test using SPSS version 22. The P value less than 0.05 were considered significant