شاہ فیصل
۲۴؍ مارچ ۱۹۷۵ء کو سعودی عرب کے شاہ فیصل شہید کردیئے گئے، اس حادثہ جانکاہ سے اسلامی ممالک میں اندوہ و غم کا ایک بادل امنڈ پڑا کہ آہ! اسلام کا پاسبان، اسلامی حمیت و غیرت کا نگہبان، اسلامی موانست و یگانگت کا حدی خوان نہیں رہا، اسلامی زندگی کی قوت پنہاں کو آشکار، مسلمانوں کے سینوں میں عزائم کو بیدار اور ان کی نگاہوں کو تلوار کرنے والا جاتا رہا۔
مدتوں کے بعد بڑی مشکل سے اسلامی دنیا میں ایک دیدہ ور پیدا ہوا، جس کے مقاصد جلیل تھے، جس کی ادائیں دلفریب اور نگاہیں دلنواز تھیں، اسلام کے اس بطل حریت نے صرف گیارہ سال حکومت کی، مگر اس کے سارے کارنامے اسلامی تاریخ کے زریں باب بن کر رہیں گے، سعودی عرب کو دنیا کے متمول ترین ملکوں کی صف میں لاکھڑا کیا، مکہ معظمہ اور مدینہ منورہ کو سج دھج کر فردوس نگاہ بنادیا، پٹرول کو جنگی اسلحہ سے زیادہ مہلک تسلیم کراکے دنیا کی اہم طاقتوں کو بھی اپنے سامنے جھکنے پر مجبور کیا، حاتم طائی کی افسانوی سخاوت کی شہرت کو بلند کرکے عربوں کو اپنے مالی امداد سے سربلند اور سرخرو کیا، بچھڑے ہوئے مسلمان ملکوں کی دست گیری کرکے ان کو آگے بڑھنے کا حوصلہ دلایا، اسلامی بینک، اسلامی سکریٹریٹ، اسلامی خبر ایجنسی اور اسلامی سربراہ کانفرنس کی روح رواں بن کر یہ خاموش پیام دیا کہ توحید کی امانت سینے میں رکھنے والے اخوت کا بیان اور محبت کی زبان بن کردہر کو اسم محمد سے اجالا کردیں، اور جب کتاب ملت بیضا کی شیرازہ بندی سے پھر سے ہورہی تھی تو آیات الٰہی کے اس نگہبان کو اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ نے اپنی مصلحت سے اپنے پاس بلالیا، جہاں رخ در رخ محمدی سے کہہ رہا ہوگا:
اب تو ہی بتا تیرا مسلمان...
Translations have a prominent role in the advancement of science and literature for any people. By which sciences and arts move from the literature of one nation to the literature of another nation, in which sciences and arts flourish, and a nation becomes acquainted with the literature of another nations. Translation is an independent art, as it depends on creativity, linguistic sense and the ability to bring cultures closer, and it enables all mankind to communicate and benefit from each other's experiences. It is an art as old as written literature. Translation is a cultural necessity and an intellectual activity, and it extends bridges of communication between civilizations that converge and diverge among themselves, and their languages are similar and differ in ways of expression and methods of statement and expression of ideas, feelings and attitudes, and in the worldview and understanding of its concepts. There is no doubt that translation it is a complex linguistic process that requires lengthy anchors, as the queen of the two tongues is acquired only by a lot of practice, in addition to the systematic study of the mechanisms of transmission from one tongue to another. We also see in the modern era that the Arab Scientific Academy in Damascus, the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo and the Iraqi Scientific Academy have a clear and prominent role in the advancement of Arabic sciences and literature. The Scientific Academy in Damascus has established the Arabic language and its terminology, and the language of bureaucracies, in particular, with the help of authors and translators in particular, and the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, which has made efforts in developing the great linguistic lexicon and terminology of modern sciences.
Objective: To compare World Health Organisation (WHO) osteoporosis clinical risk factors with BMD in assessing osteoporosis amongst patients over 50 years of age admitted with hip fractures at Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam
Methods:
Study Design: Cross-sectional hospital based study.
Study Site: Aga Khan Hospital Dar es Salaam.
Sample Size: 31 patients.
Results: Of the 31 patients with hip fractures studied, 18 (58%) had osteoporosis, 5 (16%) were osteopaenic and 8 (26%) had normal BMD. Odds Ratios for clinical risk factors were non-significant owing to the small sample size and were considered as hypothesis generating rather than confirming or refuting associations. FRAX™ 10 year Major Osteoporotic Fracture Probability > 20% (Model 1) had a sensitivity of 44.44%; specificity of 92.31%; positive LR of 5.78 and negative LR of 0.60. FRAX™ 10 Year Hip Fracture Probability > 3% (Model 2) had a sensitivity of 33.33%; specificity of 92.31%; positive LR of 4.33 and negative LR of 0.72. Test characteristics did not significantly alter when FRAX™ was used with osteoporosis alone in comparison with osteoporosis and osteopaenia combined. Majority of the patients in the study were Asian - Indian. In Black patients with hip fractures 8 out of 12 [66.67%] had osteoporosis. Low energy trauma was the most common cause of fracture proving that fragility fractures were common.
Conclusions and Recommendation: Our study has shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis amongst patients with hip fractures is noteworthy. The FRAX™ tool for osteoporotic fracture determination had appreciable high negative likelihood ratios and specificity. This might enable this tool to be used locally to ‘rule out’ osteoporosis without using BMD. The author recommends further studies that would either determine the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in Dar es Salaam hospitals or conduct a community based survey to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis. This study it is hoped would encourage proposals for the development of regional screening protocols for osteoporosis and the development of a region specific FRAX™ model.