روٹی سمجھ چنگیر والی چن ہو گئی
تھگڑی سو جو نال بدن ہو گئی
لگا عشق میں رن پرنا آندی
اگوں بالاں دی ادھی درجن ہو گئی
پردہ مکھ توں الٹیا جس ویلے
جھلک چودھویں دا ہک چن ہپو گئی
یونیورسٹی دی کڑی پرنا آندی
مکلاوا آندیاں سار ان بن ہو گئی
ترلے کرنا ایں کیوں وڈیریاں دے
ایڈی وڈی کہیڑی تینوں بھن ہو گئی
روندا آیا ایں تے روندا ٹر جاسیں
دنیا کتھوں ایہہ تیری سجن ہو گئی
بیوی لڑدی رہندی سی نال میرے
دتا خرچہ تے اوہ مکھن ہو گئی
پایا سوہنیاں نے صرف اک پھیرا
رونق ویکھ وچ کیویں چمن ہو گئی
دنیا مال نہ دولت کم کسے
دولت عمل دی نال کفن ہو گئی
والضحیٰ چہرہ والیل زلفاں
رحم دلی وی سنگ بدن ہو گئی
پنجابی لکھنا بولنا گھٹ ہویا
لگ دا پیا اے بے وطن ہو گئی
بچہ اپنا ہی سوہنا لگ دا اے
لگے سوہنی پرائی جو رن ہو گئی
تناں شئیاں توں اصل وچ ھین جھگڑے
زر، زمین تے تیسری زن ہو گئی
Pakistan and Iran are neighboring countries that have longstanding historical ties. However, there is little research available about Pakistan-Iran energy trade relations, especially with respect to the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline. This research is based on primary data collected through qualitative interviews with key policymakers, academicians, and social activists, from Australia, India, Pakistan, and the United States. Based on the analysis of the data, this paper argues that there are risks involved for Pakistan in either honoring United States’ sanctions on Iran or bypassing them. In the former, Pakistan is incurring a huge cost in terms of delayed energy import from Iran while in the latter Pakistan, its officials, and its relevant organizations may face heavy sanctions by the United States. The study concludes that Pakistan must adopt a safer policy to pursue energy import from Iran while conducting good relations with both U.S. And Iran. The participation of India in the Iran-Pakistan energy project can increase the likelihood of its success.
Pakistan being an agricultural country is thriving day by day to improve agriculture sector but still majority of farmers are not comfortable with the existing agriculture machines available in the market. Among crops being grown, sugarcane has significant value for local sugar industry as well as to export quality sugar. Unfortunately, in Pakistan the major harvesting of sugarcane is carried out manually involving huge amount of female labour. However, few farmers have tried to adopt imported sugarcane harvesters but due to variation in cropping patterns and varieties a lot of issues are faced during sugarcane harvesting. Therefore, the farmers are emphasizing for the modification and indigenization of sugarcane harvester for better sugarcane recovery. Thus, keeping in mind the above issues a study was carried out for the design modification and performance evaluation of indigenous sugarcane harvester. After the development of the machine, different experiments were performed in terms of machine forward speed, field capacity, field efficiency and crop yield.Findings revealed that forward speed was found directly linked with gear and rpm. Maximum power consumption of 17.564 hp (13.10 kW) was recorded with 0.522 m radius of base cutter at its 2250 rpm. Comparatively lowest value 12.876 hp (9.60 kW) was observed at 2026 rpm of cutter. Sugarcane harvester forward speed, theoretical field capacity and effective material capacity was maximum (5.22 km/hr, 0.53 ha/hr, and 15.52 ton/hr) at gear (G3) respectively while effective time required for harvesting was minimum 1.84 hr at gear (G1) with engine rpm 2000 and working width 1.02 m. Sugarcane harvester field efficiency was maximum (75.10%) at gear (G1) with engine rpm 1800 for working width 1.02 m.