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Program information management system for Pakistan Television Corporation

Thesis Info

Author

Raja, Nadeem Aslam

Department

Department of Computer Science

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1997

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 005.74 RAP

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723459200

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5۔ عدالتی انصاف کے حصول میں درپیش مشکلات

اسلامی ریاست میں قوانینِ حدودو قصاص کی تنفیذ کے لیے لازمی ہے کہ عدالت کو اس بات کا پابند کیا جائے کہ عوام کوفوری اور سستے عدل کی سہولت فراہم کی جائے ۔ عدالتی نظام میں فوری اور سستے عدل کی فراہمی بڑی اہمیت کی حامل ہے کیونکہ عدل وانصاف کی فراہمی میں بہت ذیادہ وقت لگنے کے بعد قانون کانفاذ اپنی افادیت کھو بیٹھتا ہے۔ اسی طرح اگر عدل و انصاف کی فراہمی کے لیے بھاری رقم بھی درکار ہو ، تو قانون سازی کا مقصد فوت ہوکر رہ جائے گا۔ لہذا ضروری ہے کہ عدالتیں رعا یا کو فور ی اور سستے انصاف کی فراہمی کو یقینی بنائیں ۔ہمیں عہد نبوی ﷺ اور عہد صحابہ کر ام سے بے شمار مثالیں ملتی ہیں کہ مقدمہ عدالت میں آ جانے کے بعد اس کا فوری فیصلہ کیا جاتا تھا اور اس پر عمل درآمد کروایا جاتا تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ عدلیہ کا انتظامیہ کی بے جا مداخلت سے آزاد ہونا اور سب پر بالادستی ہونا قیام عدل کی لازمی شرط ہے ۔ اسلام کے نظام عدل میں عدالت حاکم وقت سے لے کر عام شہر ی تک ہر ایک کو جواب دہی کے لیے طلب کر سکتی ہے اور قانون کے مطابق سزا بھی دے سکتی ہے اور عدالت کےکام میں انتظامیہ کا کوئی چھوٹا یا بڑا مداخلت کرنے کا کوئی حق نہیں رکھتا۔ یہ قاضی یا جج کی بالا دستی نہیں بلکہ قانون کی بالا دستی ہے جو خود جج یا قاضی پر بھی عائد ہوتی ہے ۔ موجودہ عدالتی نظام اس ضرورت کو پورا نہیں کررہا ، بلکہ اس کا کام تو عوام الناس کے درمیان مستقل کشمکش کو باقی رکھنا اور مقدمہ بازی کو مستقل صور ت دینا ہے۔ اسلام کا نظام عدل اس چیز کو بر داشت نہیں کرتا۔
فور ی...

أوهام الإمام البزار فى الأسانيد والرجال من خلال مسنده البحر الزخار

Indeed، the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is the second sources of Islamic Shariah. It is the sacred knowledge after the Holy Qur’an. It consists of sayings، actions and approvals of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The science of Jarh wa al-Ta’deel (narrator criticism and evaluation) is an important science for the protection of Sunnah. This science comprehensively draws differences of Saḥīḥ from Dha’īf. The religious scholars have started working on Jarh wa al-Ta’deel from the time of companions and successors. Among them a great Moḥaddis was Imām Abu Bakr  Ahmad bin ‘Amr Baẓẓār. He has written the book، “Al-Musnad Al-Bahar Al-Ẓakhkhār”. This book consists of a huge compilation of Aḥadīth and its science. Imām Bazzār has discussed about Asānīd، Ahwāl Rijāl، Ilal Aḥadīth، Mutābi’āt and Tafarradāt. He had adopted a unique research methodology، however، he was among lenient Imāms of Jarh wa al-Ta’deel. Sometimes، he misunderstood reporters and reports. This article attempts to analyze his methodology as a lenient Imām while discussing chains of reporters and reporters of Aḥadīth. This study uses a critical and comparative research methodology to investigate reporters and reports and will be beneficial for researchers and scholars in the field of Hadith and its Sciences.

Tribological Analysis and Characterization of Hvof Sprayed Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Coatings

Tungsten carbide cobalt coating has been extensively used for cutting and mining tools, aerospace, automotive and other wear resistance applications. These coatings not only have superior mechanical properties like high hardness, toughness and compressive strength but have also excellent controllable tribological properties. Nanocrystalline coatings can provide combination of high hardness and high toughness which otherwise are exclusive properties. But in the case of High Velocity Oxyfuel (HVOF) sprayed nanocrystalline WC-cobalt coatings, a higher degree of decarburization is reported in the published literature. This results in porosity and brittle phases formation in the coating structures. This in turn results in higher wear rate of nanocrystalline WC-cobalt coatings. In this study HVOF sprayed coatings made from duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline WC-cobalt powders is used. The purpose of using these powders is to address the issue of decarburization and porosity formation in the coatings. Lower decarburization and hence porosity formation in these coatings along with the benefit of smaller WC grain sizes result in better tribological performance of these coatings. A comparison of wear behaviour is made between conventional microcrystalline and novel duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline WC-17 wt% cobalt coatings. Coatings made from finer and coarser feedstock powders with same WC grain size are also compared. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopic images show more porosity in the microcrystalline coatings than the duplex coated WC-cobalt coatings made from coarser feedstock powders while the highest porosity was observed when fine feedstock powder having agglomerate sizes 10-20 μm with 300-550nm WC grain sizes were used. Fracture toughness was 25.12 and 19.04 MPam 1/2 for near-nano and microcrystalline coatings respectively while it was only 3.01 MPam 1/2 for the coatings madeiv from fine feedstock powders. The higher toughness can be attributed to more frequent interruption in the crack propagation and only intergranular cracking in the near- nanocrystalline coatings in contrast to the microcrystalline coatings where both trans-granular and inter-granular crack propagation take place. Under similar test conditions, the wear rate was 4.0×10 -3 mm 3 /m for nearnanocrystalline and 6.6×10 -3 mm 3 /m for microcrystalline coatings. The lower wear rate in duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline coatings can be attributed to its higher toughness and hardness values, the lower decarburization and porosity observed in it and the smaller fraction of brittle non-WC phases formation. In summary it is stated that the lowest porosity, W 2 C content and lower wear rate and highest hardness and fracture toughness was observed for the coatings made from duplex cobalt coated powders with near-nanocrystalline WC grains and with feedstock powder size of 45-60μm, which can be beneficial for high performance and longer tool life.