غزل گو شہزاد احمد از اسد عباس عابد
وجیہہ ضمیر ایم فل اردو ، سرگودھا یونیورسٹی
2018 میں ادارہ "مثال" فیصل آباد سے ڈاکٹر اسد عباس عابد کی کتاب " غزل گو شہزاد احمد" منصہ شہود پر آئی ہے
دو سو تراسی صفحات پر مشتمل یہ کتاب پانچ ابواب پر مبنی ہے ۔ اس کتاب میں ڈاکٹر اسد عباس عابد نے غزل گو شاعر شہزاد احمد کی زندگی کے گمشدہ گوشوں کو منظر عام پا لانے کی عمدہ کاوش ہے وہ اس کتاب کے شروع میں رقمطراز ہیں کہ
" شہزاد شناسی میں پائی جانے والی کمی کو دور کرنے کا ارادہ میں نے پہلی مرتبہ کتاب "شہزاد احمد کے شعری افکار " میں ظاہر کیا تھا ۔ اس سلسلے کی دوسری کڑی " غزل گو شہزاد احمد" کی صورت میں قارئین کے سامنے ہے"
شہزاد احمد ساٹھ کی دہائی کے بعد کی ایک توانا آواز تھے جس دور میں نیا تجربہ کرنا گویا مشکل تھا ۔
اب ہم اس کتاب کی ابواب بندی کی طرف بڑھتے ہیں
" پہلا باب " شہزاد احمد :سوانح اور شخصیت پر مبنی ہے
کسی کی شخصیت پر لکھنے سے پہلے ایک محقق کو متوازی رویہ اختیار کرنا پڑتا ہے تاکہ وہ تحغیر جانبدارانہ تحقیق کر سکے بسا اوقات محقق شخصیت پرستی میں اتنا بڑھ جاتے ہیں کہ زمین و آسمان کے قلابے ملا دیتے ہیں جبکہ کبھی اس قدر کج روی کا مظاہرہ کرتے ہیں کہ بڑی سے بڑی شخصیت کا قد بونا محسوس ہونے لگتا ہے ایک محقق کو تعصب اور حمایت سے بالا تر ہو کر تحقیق کرنی چائیے ۔ ڈاکٹر اسد عباس عابد نے پہلے باب میں شہزاد احمد کی حیات زندگی سے...
The correct recitation of the Quran depends upon correct spellings is based on "Ilm al-Rasm" and accurate reading depends upon "Ilm al-Dabt". "Ilm al-Dabt" is divided into “Nuqat al-A’rab” and “Nuqat al- A’jam”. “Nuqat al-A’rab” mean the signs which throw light on ‘al-Harakah’, ‘Sukun’, ‘Tashdid’ and ‘Madd’ etc. “Nuqat al-A’jamm” implies the signs which remove the confusion found between letters and cause the phonetic and facial recognition different letters. So dotted letters are titled “Mu’jam” and dotless letters are named as “Muhmal”. This paper deals with “Nuqat al-A’rab”. Initially, the Quran was without these signs. This science was developed first time in the period of Amir Muawiah by Abu al-Aswad al-Duali in the shap of rounded dots. Later on these dots were replaced with appropriate signs by Khalil bin Ahmad al-Farahidi. These signs were given different names. Ilm al-Dbt gained a little controversy but the majority of scholars appreciated it.
The dominant approach developed in academy and industry has largely focused on the development of internationally recognized perspectives, frameworks and instruments. And there are different methods (scales, indices, databases and content analysis) to measure several corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspectives (including unidimensional concept, stakeholder theory, triple bottom line, Carroll’s CSR pyramid, and corporate sustainability) but all of them have some limitations. An instrument measuring different dimensions and factors of CSR that incorporates almost all major perspectives through theoretically and industrially viable method is still missing. Therefore, the study explores and measures the broader, applicable and viable perspective of corporate (life) sustainability through scale based index by providing theoretical base to industry practice. 300 senior managers and directors of 90 companies from Petroleum, Telecom, Banking, Media and Fertilizers & Chemicals industries are surveyed. CLS index is developed through identification of three major dimensions which include business sustainability, environment sustainability and humane sustainability. Constituents of business sustainability include marketing practices, business code of conduct, corruption & bribery, sustainable business performance and corporate governance. Environmental sustainability comprises of eco-efficiency, environmental priorities, health & safety and environmental reporting. Whereas, community welfare, employee rights, work-life balance, human capital development, discrimination & grievance are constructs of humane sustainability. Exploratory factor analysis is applied and 53 items are extracted in scale development process. Furthermore, principal component analysis is also applied for assigning weights to 14 factors in index development. This scale based index is used to rank companies and track their multi-facet performance in various industries. It also provides relief to industry from academic criticism on one side and provides alternative to being measured on several indices for different aspects of CSR on the other. This study serves as paradigm shift in consolidating CSR contemporary theories, perspectives and measurements with its global viability and ubiquitous applicability through establishing theory, scale and index of corporate life sustainability. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Life Sustainability, Corporate Sustainability, Business Sustainability, Environment Sustainability, Humane Sustainability, Theory Development, Scale Development, Index Development