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Remote mobile management

Thesis Info

Author

Hira Bashir

Department

Department of Computer Sciences

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 004 HIR

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723472192

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اردو تفسیری ادب کا تذکرہ

 تفسیر القرآن مسلمانوں کا عظیم کارنامہ ہے۔قرآن  مجیدکے ہر پہلو کو انسانیت کے سامنے اجاگر کرنے کے لیے  ہر زبان میں متعدد  قرآنی تفاسیر تحریر کی گئیں۔اردو زبان میں تفسیر ی ادب عظیم سرمایہ ہے۔تفسیر القرآن نے اردو ادب کے ارتقا میں تعمیری اور مثبت کردار ادا کیا۔ قرآن پاک کی پہلی اردوتفسیر  مراداللہ انصاری  کی  تفسیر مرادیہ ہے۔ ڈاکٹر جمیل جالبی اپنی کتاب "تاریخ اردو ادب " کے صفحہ نمبر 104 پر لکھتے ہیں کہ تفسیر مرادیہ پہلی  مفصل اردو  تفسیر ہے۔اس تفسیر کا اسلوب  علمی و ادبی  نہیں بلکہ  مبلغانہ ہے۔شاہ عبدالقادر ؒ اور حکیم محمد شریف ؒکےتشریحی و توضیحی  تراجم اردو تفسیری ادب کی روایت میں  بنیادی حیثیت رکھتے ہیں۔ان کی پیروی میں اردو زبان میں  قرآنی   تراجم و تفاسیر کی تعداد ایک ہزار تک پہنچ چکی ہےاور یہ سلسلہ ابھی تک جاری وساری ہے۔اور  اہل علم  نئی نئی ضروریات کے پیش  نظر اردو زبان میں قرآن  کریم کے نئے نئے انداز میں ترجمہ و تفسیر پیش کر رہے ہیں۔ہرترجمہ  و تفسیر میں ایک نیا  انداز  اور اسلوبِ بیان پایا جاتا ہے۔ اردو تفسیری ادب مفسرین کرام کا  لائق ستائش  کارنامہ ہے جو نہ صرف علمی و فکری اور نفسیاتی رکاوٹوں کا ازالہ کرتا ہےجو قرآن فہمی کی راہ کو مسدود کرتی ہیں بلکہ یہ عظیم ادبی سرمایہ قاری کو قرآنی تعلیمات سے شناسا  بھی کرتاہے۔

بیسویں صدی عیسوی میں  علم تفسیر کے باب میں متعدد نئے تفسیر ی  رجحانات سامنے آئے۔ سرسید احمد  خاں  کی  طرح  مرعوبانہ  فکر کی جھلک پرویز اور خلیفہ عبدالحکیم کے ہاںملاحظہ کی جاسکتی ہے ۔سید امیر علی کی تفسیر "مواہب الرحمٰن" کا اسلوب انتہائی دقیق ہے۔مولانا ثناءاللہ امرتسریؒ کی "تفسیر ثنائی   "میں مناظرانہ اسلوب پایا جاتا ہے۔عبدالماجد دریا آبادیؒ کی  "تفسیر ماجدی "میں عصری رجحانات کے ساتھ ساتھ  ادبی اسلو ب  بیان بھی نظر آتا...

Evaluation of Objectives of Population Education Integrated in School Curriculum on the Basis of Islamic Philosophy

Pakistan emerged on the map of world in 1947 as an Islamic state on the basis of two nation theory. Islam was the main binding force behind that unprecedented successful struggle. The inherent education system of Pakistan was greatly influenced by British and Indian education system. Since independence, various education policies and plans were formulated to align our education system with our philosophical foundation. During period 1983-1998, population education was integrated in school curriculum in three phases. The main objective of study was to evaluate the objectives of curricula on basis of Islamic philosophy. This study was delimited secondary school curriculum for class 1-10. The researcher used document analysis and expert review. The data obtained were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted statistically. The findings of study revealed that Population education remained a controversial area among curriculum developers.

Study of Anharmonic Effects in the Presence of Adparticles at the Surfaces of Crystals of Noble Metals

The anharmonic effects at/near the surfaces of noble metals in the presence of adparticles have been presented at 300, 500 and 700 K temperatures. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out for Cu(111), Cu(311), Cu(210) and Ag(111) surfaces using realistic many-body interatomic potentials obtained from the Embedded Atom Methods (EAM). In a comparative study of the structure and the dynamics of the close packed as well as open surfaces, the calculated shifts in the interlayer spacing, mean square displacement, surface diffusion and surface defects (fissure, dislocation and vacancy) show the onset of anharmonic effects at the characteristic temperatures. Fir the Cu(311) surface interlayer relaxations show a uniform damping in magnitude of oscillatory order (-, +, - , +, . . . ), while for the Cu(210) surface they reveal a non-uniform damping in magnitude with moving away from the surface. The plane registry relaxation at both (311) and (210) surfaces exhibits no order for damping. The diffusion of adatoms on the (111) surface of Ag and Cu has been studied to examine the surface anharmonicity. The diffusion coefficient, effective energy barrier and diffusion prefactor of Cu pentamer on Ag(111) are calculated. The MD simulations at 300, 500 and 700 K show that the diffusivity obeys the Arrhenius Law. An Arrhenius plot of the diffusion coefficients provides an effective energy barrier of 205.25 ±10 meV and a diffusion prefactor 5.549× 1012 Å2/s. A striking feature of a pop-up of single-atom at 700 K among 5-atom island is observed. The effective energy barrier obtained from the xiii Arrhenius plot is in excellent agreement with those extracted from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. During the diffusion of Cu- and Ag-trimer on Cu- and Ag(111) surfaces at 300, 500 and 700 K temperatures, the constant energy MD simulation are consistent with anharmonic effects at the surface such as fissures, dislocations and vacancy generation in the presence of a island. The fissures and dislocations formed are in the range of 1.5–4 Å and 1–7 Å respectively from the island position. The Cu and Ag islands both diffuse easily on the Cu(111) surface, and indicate that diffusion is faster on the Cu surface as compared to the Ag surface. The process of breaking and opening of the island has been also observed. A surface atom is popped-up at 700 K by generating a vacancy near the Cu island at the Ag surface. The energy of vacancy generation at the Ag surface is found to be Ev = 1.078 eV, in the presence of a Cu trimer. The popped-up Ag adatom combines with Cu the trimer, making a mixed-tetramer (Cu3–Ag island). The adsorption energy of a copper atom from the mixed tetramer island into the substitutional site is Es = ∼– 0.813 eV, leaving a mixed-trimer (Cu2–Ag island) at Ag(111). The rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature, both for homo and hetero cases. Furthermore, we comment on the effect of adparticles diffusion on the harmonic behavior of the surfaces in the anharmonic regime.