عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں اسلامی فلاحی ریاست کے اصول و مبادی

In every age, the state has been a better form of the congregation and an integral part of societies. There has never been a state in human history that has introduced so many social reforms in a short period of time as Madina State did in a short period of time. That is why the state of Madina will remain a role model for all states established until the Day of Judgment. History testifies that as long as Islamic states followed this role model, their contemporary states continued to envy on their social, economic and military position. But unfortunately, the decline of the Muslim Ummah reached the peak by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the representative state of the Muslims, in the early twentieth century. But before the half-century was over, the Islamic world began to gain independence from colonial powers. By the end of the twentieth century, more than fifty Muslim countries appeared on the geography of the modern world, but their flags were the spokesmen for colors, ethnicity, language, and region except for Pakistan. Political freedom from ideological and intellectual freedom could not be transformed by the Islamic nation’s imperialist powers Rather, the political leadership continued to work on the agenda of the West, causing many social and economic problems for the present Islamic States. The prevailing conditions of the present Islamic countries require that their rulers should re-establish their policies by making Madina state as their role model. The following article presents a golden outline of the welfare state, which will help to make the current Islamic state a welfare state.

An investigation into the determinants of maternal healthcare behavior in developing world

In this study, we explore the relationship between women's antenatal health seeking behavior with their socio-economic characteristics. Data is taken from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Only those countries are considered, where data for DHS-6 was available. The dataset span 40 countries and is representative at first tier sub-national level. Only latest birth for each woman is considered as responses for questions related to that pregnancy are less likely to be influenced by memory bias. The sample size consists of 143,639 women. The study use Anderson's model to investigate which factors have the most potent association with improved antenatal health care behavior. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of visits to physician are modeled. Results show that women having any say in the matters of their health care are 1.42 times more likely to visits physician than their counterparts with no decision making power. Similarly, women in highest wealth quintile are 4.3 times more likely to complete a set of 4 antenatal visits, as recommended by WHO, than women in lowest wealth quintile. We also find that health seeking behavior slightly differ for male and female child and also for working and non-working women. On the qualitative side, we find that women are most likely to let their blood pressure being checked .and least likely to administer a urine test. We also find that women with previous fetal losses and those whose BMI value fall outside normal range are likely to opt for high quality checkup during visits to physician