امام جلال الدین سیوطی كی تفسیر میں اشعار عرب سے استشہاد كا علمی جائزہ

Abstract: This paper describes that if we want to know about poetry we must understand that out of context we can never arrive at our destination. The Quran should be read and understood in totality of its message and spirit. Its verses are local and universal. Some verses are in local environments but leave universal and eternal message. The verses ofSura'h Yasin and Sura'h Najm related to poetry clearly exhibit the truth that God rejected the claim of the infidels who regarded the Quran as the book of poetry and Prophet Mohammad as a poet. The poets in general are not condemned in Sura Yasin. It is an apt reply to the infidels that the Quran is a message from God with a serious mission and motto. The Holy Prophet used to ask people to recite the holy poetry of Hazrat Abu Talib. Hassan bin Sabit used to recite "Naat" in the presence of the Prophet. Hazrat Ali was also a poet. They enhanced the divine mission of the prophets through their facile pen and noble spirit. Hence in the light of above brief dissertation, we can profess that Islam does not oppose poetry if it is written on didactic and divine lines.

Three Wave Interactions in Non- Degenerate and Degenerate Magneto-Plasmas

In this thesis we study the parametric decay instability problem (three wave interactions) in classical andquantummagneto‐plasmas.Twocombinationsofthethreewaveinteractionshavebeen investigated.First,theparametricdecayinstabilityofupperhybridwaveintolow‐frequency electromagnetic shear Alfven wave and Ordinary mode radiation has been solved in an electron‐ion plasma immersed in uniform external magnetic field. Incorporating quantum effect due to electron spin, the fluid model has been used to investigate the linear and nonlinear response of the plasma species. It is shown that the spin of electrons has considerable effect on the three‐wave coupling interactions even in classical regime. Secondly,theelectronspin‐1/2effectsontheparametricdecayinstabilityofobliqueLangmuir waveintolow‐frequencyelectromagneticshearAlfvenwaveandleft‐handedcircularlypolarized wave(LHCP)hasbeeninvestigatedinanelectron‐ionquantumplasmaimmersedinuniform external magnetic field. Incorporating the quantum effects due to electron spin, Fermi pressure and Bohmpotentialterm,thequantummagneto‐hydrodynamic(QMHD)modelhasbeenusedto investigatethelinearandnonlinearresponseoftheplasmaspeciesforthree‐wavecoupling interactionina quantummagneto‐plasmas.Nonlineardispersionrelationsandgrowthrateshave been derived analytically. It has been shown that the spin of electrons has considerable effect on the growth rate of parametric instability problem even when the external magnetic field B0 is below the quantum critical magnetic field strength BQ = 4.4138 ×1013 G. Finally,theparametricdecayinstabilityofobliqueLangmuirwaveintolow‐frequency electromagnetic shear Alfven wave and LHCP have also been investigated in high density (quantum) and low density (classical) magneto‐plasma environments. QMHD model has been used to find the linear and non‐linear response of the high density quantum magneto‐plasma, and to compare the (h → 0, Pe → Pte ) results with the low density classical plasma we have used classical limit in the results of QMHD model. Nonlinear dispersion relations and growth rates of the problem have been derived analytically. The growth rate both for quantum and classical magneto‐plasma environments has been plotted. The normalized growth rate as a function of number density in the high density degeneratemagneto‐plasmasincreasesexponentiallywhileinthelowdensityclassicalmagneto‐ plasmas it increases logarithmically.