سید رشید رضا مِصری
افسوس ہے کہ ۲۲؍ اگست ۱۹۳۵ء (جمادی الاولیٰ ۱۳۵۴ھ) کو مصر بلکہ دنیائے اسلام کے سب سے بڑے عالم علامہ سید رشید صاحب المنار نے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، یہ مفتی عبدہ مرحوم کے سب سے ممتاز شاگرد اور سید جمال الدین افغانی کے فیوض و برکات سے بیک واسطہ مستفید تھے، شام وطن تھا، لیکن سلطان عبدالمجید خان کی داروگیر سے گھبرا کر چلے آئے تھے اور آخر یہیں کے ہوکر رہ گئے، عمر اس وقت ستر۷۰ سے کم نہ ہوگی، پھر بھی ان کی جسمانی قوت اور کام کی طاقت بہت اچھی تھی، اسلام کے اصلاحی مسائل ان کی تصانیف کا خاص موضوع تھا، المنار جس کی اشاعت دنیائے اسلام کے گوشہ گوشہ میں تھی، ان کی اڈیٹری میں نکلتا تھا، بلکہ یہ کہنا چاہئے کہ پورا رسالہ انہیں کے قلم کا مرہون ہوتا تھا، ان کی سب سے اہم تصنیف تفسیرالمنار تھی، جو افسوس کہ ان کی وفات سے ناتمام رہ گئی، یہ تفسیر زمانۂ حال کی ضرورتوں کو سامنے رکھ کر لکھ رہے تھے۔ وہ عقیدہ میں سلف کے پیرو اور فقہ میں غیر مقلد تھے، ان کی انشاء پردازی قدیم و جدید دونوں خوبیوں کولئے ہوئی تھی، فقہ، تفسیر اور حدیث میں یدِطولیٰ رکھتے تھے، ان کی آخری تصنیف ’’الرمی المحمدی‘‘ ہے، جس کا ہندوستانی ترجمہ کلکتہ سے شائع ہوچکا ہے، قدیم و جدید خیالات کی تطبیق ان کی ہر تحریر میں ہوتی تھی اور وہ اسی کے اس زمانہ میں اسلام کے لئے مفید خدمت سمجھتے تھے۔
اس زمانے میں جب ایسے روشن خیال و روشن ضمیر علماء جو ایک طرف متقی و پرہیزگار اور دوسری طرف زمانۂ حال کی ضرورتوں سے باخبر ہوں، انگلیوں پر گنے جاسکتے ہیں، سید رشید رضا کا ہمارے درمیان سے اٹھ جانا آج اسلام کا سب سے بڑا حادثہ...
Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.
This dissertation covers the economics of social protection in the framework of fiscal policy in a couple of ways. It investigates the international and Pakistan scenario with respect to social protection to cure poverty. Social protection is a phenomenon that contains different policies and programs to mitigate poverty and vulnerability. The study contains different research questions like, how are structural and institutional features integrally related to the provision of social protection? Is it significant to mitigate poverty in the respective regions? It is also reviewed that social assistance, insurance and promotion of social rights represent social protection, where the objectives are to: protect, prevent, promote and transform the societies into economic power. Social protection is necessary to obtain better socio-economic status for which institutions of the country need to work efficiently. To explain the need and importance of fiscal space for social protection channels, five different emerging economies which are considered as a part of this dissertation. The study suggests an increase in tax revenue, reallocation of public spending, and debt reduction to generate fiscal space. A substantial level of government spending is evaluated for social protection programs in a global prospect. Rank and regression analysis is done to develop the results. A World Welfare Index (WWI) is generated by accommodating different social welfare indicators to measure the impact of social protection expenditures. Rank position of each country differs from rank to rank which indicate that these does not emphasize equally, on structural, institutional and welfare indicators. In the regression analysis, most of the structural and institutional variables are significant and justify the economic theory. Robustness check also proves the regression results. It is concluded that structural, institutional and welfare features are helpful to get a comprehensive view of the concerned economies. At a disaggregate level, rank and regression analysis was used across all the four provinces of Pakistan. The results of provincial analysis were similar to results as of the international level, which means that no province stands equally at high or low level in all the three ranks. Regression analysis proved that structural and institutional features are significant for provision of social protection and welfare standards in Pakistan. Finally, the role of social protection (education, health, social transfers and subsidies) is evaluated in the process of poverty reduction. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to identify the short-run and long-run relation between the social protection and poverty and was found that the outreach of social protection via government expenditures on education, foreign aid and zakat play a significant role in poverty reduction in Pakistan.