مولانا مفتی سید عبدالرحیم لاجپوری
علمی حلقوں میں یہ خبر بڑے افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ ۱۸؍ نومبر ۲۰۰۱ء کو مولانا عبدالرحیم لاجپوری رحلت فرماگئے، وہ گجرات ہی نہیں اس برصغیر کے ممتاز اور جید عالم دین تھے، فقہ و فتاویٰ پر ان کی نظر بڑی گہری اور وسیع تھی، علم راسخ اور فقہ و افتا میں کامل الفن ہونے کے ساتھ ورع و تقوی اور سیرت و اخلاق کی پاکیزگی میں بھی سلف صالحین کا نمونہ تھے۔
مفتی صاحب ایک سید گھرانے کے چشم و چراغ تھے، ان کا سلسلہ نسب ستائیسویں پشت میں حضرت شیخ عبدالقادر جیلانیؒ سے جاملتا ہے، ان کا آبائی وطن گجرات میں لاجپور تھا لیکن ان کی پیدائش ضلع گجرات کے مشہور شہر بلسار کے قصبہ نوساری میں دسمبر ۱۹۰۳ء؍ شوال ۱۳۲۱ھ میں ہوئی، اپنے دادا مولانا سید ابراہیم صاحب سے تعلیم شروع کی تھی کہ ان کا انتقال ہوگیا، جس کے بعد والد مولانا سید عبدالکریم صاحب اور چچا حافظ سید حسام الدین صاحب سے حفظِ قرآن کی تکمیل کی، قرأت و تجوید میں بڑا کمال حاصل کیا، قرآن مجید بہت اچھا پڑھتے تھے، آواز میں بڑی تاثیر اور لہجہ نہایت دلکش تھا، اس لیے طالب علمی ہی کے زمانے میں نوساری کی جامع مسجد کے امام ہوگئے لیکن جلد ہی قدردانوں نے راندیر بلالیا اور وہاں کی جامع مسجد کا امام مقرر کردیا۔
مدرسہ محمدیہ عربیہ جامعہ حسینیہ راندیر میں درسیات کی تکمیل کی اور یہیں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوئے، طالب علمی میں فقہ و افتا سے خاص شغف ہوگیا تھا اور اسی زمانے سے اپنے اساتذہ کی رہنمائی میں فتاوی لکھنا شروع کردیا تھا، جس کا سلسلہ مدۃ العمر جاری رہا ۔ اس کی وجہ سے ملک میں معتبر فقیہ و مفتی کی حیثیت سے مشہور ہوئے اور کئی جلدوں میں...
This pandemic has affected family life around the world. As a result of lockdown individuals are already experiencing significant revenue and job losses. The ability to ‘Work from Home’ (WFH) can help damp down the impact of the situation, undoubtedly. Overall, the effects of WFH arrangements rely a lot on the job status of parents and presence of dependents (children & elderly), and this current situation is likely to intensify these differences. It does not necessarily mean, however, that the effect of the crisis should inevitably be gender neutral. Working women have been particularly affected. It seems to be very fascinating to work from home, while sitting on a comfortable couch, casually dressed, even sometimes in sleep suits, without stepping out in scorching heat and wasting time in traveling, but this may not be a preferred situation for everybody, especially women. The most significant impact on working women during the crisis will be trying to balance household demands, childcare needs and work demands. The group most likely to be hardest hit then would be lower income families with young children, and single mothers in particular. Generally women are in charge of planning, organizing and recalling of everything that needs to be remembered. The mental stress and load that comes with such work has risen exponentially in present circumstances. Even though many countries are relied on lockdown to control widespread of COVID-19 pandemic, the mental problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal thoughts and other psychological trauma are most common in case of normal individual and extensive in case of people who are psychologically ill. Females are more prone to psychological distress. The main concern is to manage and provide opportunities for regulation of stress caused due to anxiety and lack of peer contact. Another main threat is an increased risk of parents to develop mental illness, women may also suffer from domestic violence and consequently it results child maltreatment. The current scenario may be particularly challenging especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, also if someone has prior trauma experiences, undiagnosed mental health problems, background of migration and low socioeconomic status.
Metal based drugs have been used for medicinal purposes since ages but their potential was realized after the discovery of the first metal based chemotherapeutic agent, i.e., cisplatin, which became one of the most successful anticancer drugs espcecially for the treatment of testicular cancer. Other members of this class include oxaliplatin, carboplatin and nedaplatin. The use of platinum based drugs is limited due to their adverse side effects (e.g., nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nausea, vomiting etc.) and intrinsic or acquired resistance. These limitations prompted bioinorganic chemists to develop new strategies to treat cancer with other metal based anticancer agents with higher efficacy and lesser undesired effects. Therefore, different metal complexes of titanium, iron, cobalt, gallium, ruthenium and osmium etc. were investigated. Among these NAMI-A (imidazolium [tetrachlorido(dimethylsulfoxide)(1Himidazole)ruthenate(III)]), KP46 (trismaltolate gallium) and KP1019 (indazolium trans[tetrachloridobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)]) have enteredclinical trials. On the other hand, Ru(II)/Os(II) half sandwich organometallic complexes increase the lipophilic character of complexes and facilitate their uptake into cells. RAPTA type complexes are among the most popular examples of half sandwich organometallics. Furthermore, the coordination of bioactive ligands with these established organometallic pharmacophores may enhance the efficacy of these biologically active compounds by altering their physicochemical and pharmacological properties. In particular, the use of bioactive ligands such as hydroxypyrones, quinolones and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) often resulted in promising bioactivity of the compounds. In this thesis, the use of oxicam based NSAIDS as ligands for Ru(II) and Os(II) was investigated. For this purpose different series of ligands based on the oxicam scaffold were prepared. These include 1,2-benzothiazine based primary amides, secondary amides, indazole and methyl pyridyl based secondary amides, piroxicam as well as isoxicam analogues, 1,2-benzothiazine based α,βunsatuarated ketones and pyrazole based benzenesulfonamides. Furthermore, these ligands were reacted with Ru(II) and Os(II) cymene dimer to obtain organometallic complexes. All the ligands and complexes were characterized with different spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry and twenty seven compounds were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes towards human colorectal carcinoma HCT116, non-small cell lung carcinoma NCIH460 and cervical carcinoma SiHa cells was investigated by using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The prepared ligands behaved as monodentate (N donor) or bidentate chelators (O,O-, N,O- and N,N-donor systems) depending upon the ligand structure as well as reaction conditions such as xxix nature of solvent used for reaction. The 1,2-benzothiazine based primary amides were synthesized by reacting compound 5 with different alkylating agents in basic conditions to isolate ligands 6a-g. These O,O-coordinating ligands were used to synthesize the organometallic ruthenium complexes 7a-g (Scheme-1) with piano-stool configuration. These complexes were evaluated for their anticancer activity and results indicate that only 7f and 7g were active against three different human cancer cell lines. On the other hand, 1,2-benzothiazine based secondary amides were synthesized by reacting compound 8 with different aniline derivatives to obtain O,O-chelating ligands 9a-g. When these ligands were reacted with [Ru(cym)Cl2]2, the same O,Ocoordination behavior was observed to stabilize metal complexes 10a-g by forming sixmembered rings and giving rise to piano stool type geometry (Scheme-2). All these complexes were found active against different anticancer cell lines and the most lipophilic compound was found the most active with an IC50 value of 13.58 µM. The N-benzyl analogues of piroxicam and isoxicam 11 and 12 were also prepared and reacted with MII(η6-p-cymene). Compounds 11 and 12 can act as monodentate ligands through their pyridyl/isoxazolyl nitrogen atom and as bidentate chelators to Ru(II) and Os(II) metal ions by forming six membered rings through pyridyl/isoxazolyl nitrogen and the amide oxygen atoms (Scheme-3). In compounds 15-18 functionalization at position 3 was carried out to get indazolyl/pyridyl goup-containing oxicam analogues which act as monodentate ligands and coordinate to ruthenium/osmium centres through pyridyl/indazolyl nitrogens. The results of anticancer activity studies revealed that organo-Ru(II) and -Os(II) complexes 18a-c are more active than the free ligand 18 (Scheme-4). The 1,2-benzothiazine based chalcones (Scheme-5) were obtained as intermediates which were reacted with hydrazine to isolate 1,2-benzothiazine based pyrazole containing sulphonamide ligands 21a-j. The results of anticancer activity assays show that halogen containing derivatives are more active in this series (Scheme-6). These pyrazole containing sulphonamides were reacted with [Ru(cym)Cl2]2 to isolate complexes in which these sulfonamides acted either asmonodentate or bidentate ligands. In complexes 22a-k ligands coordinated mondentately through the pyrazole nitrogen (Scheme-7) while in complexes 23a-g they coordinated bidentately via pyrazole and sulphonamide nitrogen atoms by forming rather stable seven membered rings (Scheme-8). The biological investigations indicate moderate to high IC50 values for these complexes and it was also observed that within the series of compounds, the most lipophilic complex was the most active.