(Seneca) نے بڑے خوبصورت انداز میں کہا تھا کہ اچھی چیزوں کی خواہش کی جاتی ہے جو خوشحالی سے تعلق رکھتی ہیں لیکن اچھی چیزیں جو نحوست سے تعلق رکھتی ہیں ان کی تعریف بھی کرنی چاہیے۔ یقینا اگر فطرت پر دسترس ہو جائے تو معجزات ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اور یہ زیادہ آفت میں ہی ظاہر ہوتے ہیں ایسی بات کوئی کافر نہیں کر سکتا۔ یہ ایک سچی عظمت ہے کہ آدمی اقرار کر لے کہ وہ کمزور پیدا کیا گیا ہے۔ تاہم وہ اللہ کی اس سلطنت میں فکروں اور پریشانیوں سے آزاد رہے۔ یہ شاعری میں ہی بہتر طور پر ہو سکتا ہے کیونکہ وہاں قوت تخیل کو بہت زیادہ آزادی ہے ۔ اور بلاشبہ شاعر حضرات اس میں مصروف ہوتے ہیں ۔ اس چیز کے اثرات جو کہ قدیم شاعروں نے عجیب و غریب بناوٹی کہانیوں میں پیش کئے ہیں جو کہ راز معلوم ہوتے ہیں نہیں بلکہ حقیقت میں اس مسیحی کی حالت تک کچھ رسائی ہونی چاہیے ۔ Hercules جب Prometheusکو چھوڑانے جاتا ہے جو کہ انسانی فطرت کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ وہ ایک عظیم سمندر کو مٹی کے گھڑے کےذریعے پار کرتا ہے۔
مسیحی کا مصمم ارادہ بڑی خوبصورتی سے بیان ہوتا ہے کہ وہ اپنے کمزور جسم کے ساتھ اس دنیا کی بڑی بڑی موجوں میں اپنا بحری سفر کرتا ہے۔ لیکن یہ کسی قیاس آرائی کے بغیر ہے ۔ خوشحالی کی خیر ضبط نفس ہے جبکہ آفت کی خیر صبر و استقلال ہے۔ اخلاقیات کے اصولوں کے مطابق صبر و استقلال ، ضبط نفس سے زیادہ بڑی خیر ہے۔ خوشحالی تو رات مقدس کی ایک نعمت ہے جبکہ نحوست یا آفت انجیل مقدس کی نعمت ہے۔ جس میں بہت زیادہ نعمتیں ہیں اور یہ خدا کی واضح ہمدردیوں کا اظہار ہے۔ تاہم تو رات مقدس میں اگر آپ...
In this article an effort has been made to describe Hazrat ‘ishah (R. A) ’s methodology of derivation of Ahkm from Holy Quran. Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet (S. A. W) is basic source of Islamic Shar‘ah. Hazrat ‘ishah Siddqah (R. A) was the wife of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W), and the daughter of Hazrat Ab Bakr (R. A). She spent her time in learning and acquiring knowledge of the two most important sources of Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of His Prophet (S. A. W). Hazrat ‘ishah (R. A) narrated 2210 Ahdth out of which 174 Ahdth are commonly agreed upon by Bukhri and Muslim. She was an ardent and zealous student of Islamic jurisprudence. She has not only described Ahdth and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahkm. Umm Al-Mu’minn Hazrat ‘ishah (R. A) is a great scholar and interpreter of Islam, providing guidance to even the greatest of the Companions (R. A) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W). She has not only described Ahdth and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahkm. Whenever necessary, she corrected the views of the greatest of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W). It is thus recognized, from the earliest times in Islam, that about one-fourth of Islamic Shar‘ah is based on reports and interpretations that have come from Hazrat ‘ishah (R. A). As a teacher she had a clear and persuasive manner of speech. Hazrat ‘ishah (R. A) is a role model for women. She taught Islam many people. She was an authority on many matters of Islamic Law, especially those concerning women.
Integrated plant nutrient management emphasizes the combined use of inorganic and organic/biological sources of plant nutrients to enhance efficiency of applied nutrients, reduce environmental hazards and improve crop productivity. A field experiment pertaining to wheat based cropping system in rainfed environment was conducted at the Research Farm of Soil Science & SWC of Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. It was laid out according to randomized complete block design in Split-Plot arrangement with three replications. The experiment was initiated in winter 2004-05 on wheat followed by maize in summer 2005, and was repeated during the year 2005-06 in the same field with same layout of treatments. Main plot treatments of cropping systems (CS) included: wheat–fallow (CS 1 ) and wheat–maize (CS 2 ), while treatments of integrated plant nutrient management allocated to subplots were: control (without NPK fertilizer, FYM or biofertilizer); half dose of recommended N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (60-45-30 kg ha -1 ) ; full dose of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (120-90-60 kg ha -1 ); FYM @ 20 t ha -1 , FYM on N requirement basis + make-up dose of P and K fertilizer; 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM (@ 10 t ha -1 ) ; 1⁄2 NPK + Biopower; 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower and 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower. Soil analysis for physical and chemical characteristics and plant nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu) at sowing and harvest stage of each crop was performed. Observations on plant growth and yield parameters were recorded at crop maturity. Nutrient concentration in the grain and straw/stalk of the wheat and maize were determined to compute nutrient uptake after the harvest of each crop. Comparison of various treatment means of integrated nutrient management practices for wheat- fallow (CS 1 ) and wheat-maize (CS 2 ) cropping systems indicated that there was2 was significant increase in yield and various yield attributes of both wheat and maize in respective growing seasons. During Rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005- 06, application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) produced highest grain yield of 3684 kg ha -1 and 3781 kg ha -1 for wheat respectively. During Kharif seasons of 2005 and 2006, application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) produced highest grain yield of 3128 kg ha -1 and 3119 kg ha -1 for maize respectively. The analysis of leaf and grain samples showed significant increase in N, P and K concentration due to integrated nutrient management practices for both wheat and maize during both growing seasons over control. The results revealed that as N, P and K concentration in soil was higher; these were taken up and assimilated in proportion to their concentration. Maximum N uptake of 357 kg ha -1 , P uptake of 51 kg ha -1 and K uptake of 215 kg ha -1 was recorded due to application of 1⁄2 NPK + 1⁄2 FYM + Biopower (T 9 ) for wheat during both growing seasons. Micronutrients concentration recorded significant increase in soil, plant and grain of both wheat and maize. Economic analysis of wheat-maize and wheat-fallow cropping systems revealed that wheat-maize cropping system was more profitable with integrated use of mineral and organic and/or biofertilizer under rainfed conditions. The VCR estimated for IPNM in T 9 showed that integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer sources had better net profit for wheat yield for the farmer under rainfed condition. Thus, IPNM may prove more viable and sustainable for wheat based cropping system in rainfed Pothowar environment of Punjab province, Pakistan.