مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دودن کے ہی آگے پیچھے سے اردو کی بساط شعروادب کے دوپرانے اورنامور مہرے اٹھ گئے۔مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی اور مولانا احسان اﷲ خاں تاجورؔ نجیب آبادی آج کل کے عام شاعروں کی طرح شاعر یاادیب ہی نہیں تھے بلکہ صاحب فن استاذ،علم عروض ومعانی وبیان اور لغت و قواعد لسان کے بڑے مبصر اورناقد بھی تھے۔مولانا سیماب۱۸۸۰ء میں آگرہ میں پیداہوئے اورجنوری۱۹۵۱ء میں کراچی میں انتقال کرگئے شاعری اٹھارہ انیس برس کی عمر سے ہی شروع کردی تھی اس طرح گویا مرحوم نے پوری ایک نصف صدی اردو زبان وادب کی خدمت میں بسر کی۔اس مدت میں سینکڑوں چھوٹی بڑی کتابیں اوربے شمار مقالات،نظمیں وغیرہ ان کے قلم سے نکلیں۔ان کے شاگردوں کاحلقہ بھی نہایت وسیع تھا جو خط وکتابت کے ذریعہ ان کی فنی بصیرت ومہارت سے استفادہ کرتارہتاتھا۔ابتدا میں اگرچہ مرزاداغ سے مشورہ سخن کرتے تھے مگر جلد ہی ان کااپنا ایک مخصوص رنگ قائم ہوگیا۔کثرت مطالعہ وفکر عمیق نے ان میں شعروادب سے متعلق ایک مجتہدانہ شان پیداکردی تھی۔وہ کسی کے مقلد نہیں تھے بلکہ ہرچیز اورہرشعری وادبی مسئلہ کے متعلق اپنی ایک جچی تلی سنجیدہ اورمتین رائے رکھتے تھے اورعلیٰ وجہ البصیرت رکھتے تھے۔انھوں نے اپنی زندگی میں بڑے بڑے طوفانی اورانقلابی دوردیکھے جس نے ادب وشعر کی پرانی قدروں کومتزلزل کرکے رکھ دیا اورصورت ومعنی دونوں کے لحاظ سے شاعری کی دنیا میں ہنگامہ برپاکردیا، لیکن مرحوم ایک چٹان بنے اپنے مقام پرکھڑے رہے یہاں تک کہ انقلاب فکروسخن کی موجیں ان سے ٹکرائیں اوربالآخر راستہ کاٹ کر ان سے دامن بچاکر نکل گئیں۔یہ سب کچھ اس لیے ہوسکا کہ مرحوم طرزقدیم کے حامل ہونے کے ساتھ وقت کے جدید تقاضوں سے بھی بے خبر نہ تھے اورقدیم وجدید میں ہم آہنگی پیداکرلینے کاان میں بڑااچھا سلیقہ تھا۔آخر عمر...
The paper is an attempt to review twenty-first century regionalism and its impact on South Asia, which includes the rising role of China and Pakistan’s pivot status as contributing factors to peace, growth, and development. This coincides with a more south-oriented world. The theory applied is NeoFunctionalism, which explains the European integration and may be used to explain the potential modern South Asian integration process with China as a pre-cursor. This will perhaps be a positive outcome of the twenty-first century regionalism. The paper dwells upon intra-regional integration, sighting Eurasian model of connectivity as an example, and how it can be a role-model for developing countries. The emphasis remains on improved relations between Pakistan and India as a pre-requisite for regionalism to take off in South Asia.
The present study investigates the impact of resource based view on new product development process and new product success. Additionally, the present research work introduces new product development process as a mediator. One novel dimension has been proposed in the current research i.e., ―New Product Branding Decisions‖. The other constructs (top management facilitation, customer and supplier facilitation) are modified according to the practices of new product development process prevailing in manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The construct of business intelligence of NPD team is also incorporating as a measure of internal resource along with top management facilitation and cross-functional team. Business intelligence of NPD team is another unique dimension of current research which was ignored previously. Based on literature review and identified gaps the present research work has proposed theoretical framework. For data collection, 500 companies were selected based on stratified random sampling technique. Further, on 500 selected companies simple random sampling technique was employed and through it 50 companies were selected in total. To collect data from respondents of 50 selected companies 450 questionnaires were distributed based on purposive sampling technique to the targeted sample (i.e., managers involved in new product development decisions). Whereas, respondents have returned 380 questionnaires from which 328 were usable. For face and content validity of questionnaire expert opinion of marketing professionals and professors associated with the field of business administration, psychology, and linguistics was obtained. Pilot testing was also carried out on 147 sample size. For pilot testing Cronbach‘s Alpha reliability was checked using SPSS, while confirmatory factor analysis was carried out through AMOS. For main analysis validity of all the scales is measured with item-to-total correlation, inter-item correlation, inter- scale correlation, total-scale correlation and factor analysis using exploratory factor analysis, while, the reliability is measured by using Cronbach‘s alpha reliability test. The means of data are compared based on different demographical factors by using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test as data was not normal. For main analysis Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique is utilized to measure the model fit as well as to test the hypotheses. However, the assumptions to carry out structural equation modeling were assessed before running SEM. The model fit indices indicated that the proposed theoretical model is very good fit with the data of present study. All the direct relation hypotheses (H1, H2, H3, H4, & H5) were positively and significantly supported by the results of SEM analyses; however, mediating hypotheses H6 and H7 were partially supported. For mediating analysis both Barren and Kenney as well Bootstrapping methods were employed. It was noticed that through both methods partial mediation is approved. Further in this research, study contributions, recommendations, limitations, and possible future implications were discussed. This research has important implications for managers who are involved in new product development decisions that wish to determine the relative importance of utilizing internal and external resources for proficient new product development process in order to achieve new product success. This study is providing fresh and important avenues in new product development literature for research scholars, academia, and industry from developing countries like Pakistan.