Secondary School Teachers Attitude Toward Teaching English as a Second Language: A Comparative Study

The study explores the comparative analysis of secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English as a second language. The major objective of the study was; to find out secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English related to different demographics. The researcher used quantitative research method that was descriptive in nature. The population of the study comprised all the male and female teachers at Secondary level in province of Punjab, Pak istan. The researchers selected the secon dary school teachers in districts: Lahore, Multan, Sialk ot and Vehari as the sample of the study. Questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study. The researchers distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study and collected data. For data analysis, researcher used the statistical techniques of mean score, t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study informed that difference in mean scores of male and female teachers was not significant, t-value = -.075, p=.634>0.05. It was found that there was a significant difference in teachers’ attitude towards teaching English as second language having professional qualification of B.Ed. and M.Ed. at secondary school level, t-value = .521, p=.047<0.05. It was concluded that male and female respondents have almost same type of attitude of teaching English as second language.

WORK RELATED ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS LEVELS IN CABIN CREW OF PRIVATE AIRLINES OF PAKISTAN

This study aims to investigate the levels of work-related depression, anxiety, and stress among cabin crew members of private airlines in Pakistan. The objective is to examine the association between various risk factors such as working hours, working experience, marital status, and income with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study tests both null and alternative hypotheses to explore the presence or absence of associations between these factors. The study utilized the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) to assess the mental health outcomes of cabin crew members. The findings indicate that a significant percentage of respondents experience varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress. Comparisons with existing literature support the notion of higher rates of mental health problems among cabin crew members. The study also investigated the relationship between age, educational background, marital duration, parental status, family system, employment status, income, and working hours with mental health outcomes. The results revealed that younger crew members, those with higher education, shorter marital duration, parents, individuals in joint family systems, lower-ranking employees, and lower-income individuals tend to experience higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Analysis further confirmed that higher income levels were associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress. Additionally, longer working hours were positively associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, particularly among newly recruited cabin crew members. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mental health challenges faced by cabin crew members and emphasize the need for supportive interventions within the industry. The results highlight the importance of addressing risk factors and implementing measures to improve the well-being of cabin crew members. By recognizing and addressing these mental health issues, airlines can create a healthier and more supportive work environment for their employees.