نظام تعلیم سے مراد تعلیم سے متعلقہ عناصر کا ایسا مجموعہ ہے جو باہمی طور پر مربوط اور منظم اندازمیں تسلسل کے ساتھ مقاصد کےٍ حصول کے لیے ایک یونٹ کی شکل میں کام کرتا ہے۔ اس کے عناصرمندرجہ ذیل ہیں : فلسفہ حیات، نظریہ حیات، مقاصدتعلیم، نصاب ، طریقہ ہائے تدریس، تربیت اساتذہ ، امتحانات ، انتظامیات اورتحقیق وغیرہ۔ ریاستی انتظام و انصرام کو بہتر طور پر چلانے کے لیے اہل اور تجربہ کار افراد کا وجود لازمی امر ہے ۔اس تناظر میں ریاست میں بہترین تعلیمی نظام کا ہونا ضروری ہےاور تعلیم وہ اجتماعی عمل ہے جس کے ذریعے معاشرہ نوخیز نسلوں کو اسلامی تصور حیات سکھاتا ہے۔ اسلامی عقائد وا قدار ان کے اذہان میں راسخ کرتاہے اور اسلامی افکار کی روشنی میں آداب زندگی اور اخلاق کی تربیت دیتا ہے۔ اسلام نے مردوں کے ساتھ ساتھ عورتوں کی تعلیم و تر بیت پر زور دیا تاکہ معاشرے کی تعمیر و ترقی میں صحیح طورپر عورت اپنا کردار ادا کر سکے ۔ رسول اللہ ﷺ پر وحی کی ابتدا "اقرا" سے ہوئی۔لہذا اسلام کو ماننے والوں کو تعلیم و تربیت سے ضرور آراستہ ہونا پڑے گا۔ اسی وجہ سے رسول اللہ ﷺ نے صحابہ کرام کی تعلیم و تربیت پر زور دیا اور اس سے متعلق آپ ﷺ نے ارشاد فرمایا
"طلب العلم فريضة على كل مسلم۔ "355
"علم کی طلب ہر مسلمان پر فرض ہے ۔ "
اس بات پرالبتہ اہل علم کا اختلاف ہے کہ کون سا علم حاصل کرنا فرض ہے اور کون سا مستحب ۔ اس حوالے سے آپ ﷺ نے ارشادفرمایا
"بني الإسلام على خمس شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله وإقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة والحج وصوم رمضان۔ "356
"اسلام کی بنیاد پانچ چیزوں پر ہے اس بات کی گواہی دینا کہ اللہ...
Library research is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. In this study, the authors used the following data collection methods Research library (library research) It is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. Field research (field research) is direct retrieval of the object under study by taking the following steps Observation, namely data collection through direct observation of the object under study, Interviews, namely conducting interviews with leaders and parties interested in the object of research.
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a condition that affects mainly premature infants. It’s characterized by abnormal retinal vascular growth which in its most severe form can result in blindness due to retinal detachment, and in less severe untreated forms, can result in marked visual impairment. Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the preventable causes of blindness. Research Question: What are the factors associated with development of retinopathy of prematurity in screened preterm infants in three private tertiary hospitals in Kenya? Study Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with development of retinopathy of prematurity in screened preterm infants in three private tertiary hospitals in Kenya. It also aimed to determine the proportion of preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity in the screened preterm infants within these three hospitals. Study Methods: This was an unmatched case control study, targeting records of preterm infants born between January 2010 to December 2017, in three private tertiary hospitals in Kenya. Data extracted was on gestational age at birth, birth weight, gender, duration of supplemental oxygen, occurrence of sepsis, intra ventricular hemorrhage and blood transfusion. The outcome assessed was a binary variable, defined as retinopathy of prematurity status, Positive or Negative. Results: A total of 228 patient records were included in the study. Overall proportion of ROP positive cases was 43.3% (95% CI: 36.9%-50.1%). Approximately half, (50.8%) of the babies who were put on oxygen supplementation for more than one week were ROP positive, however the proportions were similar for babies with and those without sepsis at 58.0% and 55.0% respectively. The proportion of preterm infants with ROP was lower in babies who were transfused compared to those who were not transfused (48.6% vs 63.6%). Gestational age (p-value=0.002), duration of oxygen therapy (p-value=0.012), and blood transfusion (p-value=0.022) were independently associated with ROP infection. Conclusion and Recommendations: The proportion of preterm infants who screened ROP positive in this study was 43.4% which was used as a proxy for prevalence of this condition in screened preterm infants in these three facilities. This serves as an indicator of the burden of this condition on preterm infants. Associated factors from this study were gestational age at birth, duration of supplemental oxygen and blood transfusion. Early weaning off from supplemental oxygen and judicious transfusions could possibly make an impact in reducing the prevalence of this condition. We recommend that there should be a national policy on screening of