مسٹر آرتہر ہیورڈ
لندن کے امپرئیل کالج آف سائنس میں مسٹر آرتہر ہیورڈ سائنس سے متعلق ایک تجربہ کرتے کرتے وفات پاگئے، وہ کچھ عرصہ سے فن تصویر کشی (فوٹوگرافی) سے متعلق تجربات میں مشغول تھے، اور آخری تجربہ ایک تاریک کمرہ کے اندر کررہے تھے، کمرہ میں روشنی کا کسی۔۔۔۔ ان سے گذر نہ تھا، اور اس کی چھت اور دیواریں سیاہ رنگ سے رنگی ہوئی تھیں، کمرہ اندر سے بند تھا، کہ وفعتہ زور سے ایک تڑاقا ہوا، مسٹر موصوف کے استاد پروفیسر بون باہر تھے، وہ یہ آواز سن کر دوڑے کمرہ کے اندر انھوں نے جھانکا تو معلوم ہوا بجلی کی روشنی ہورہی ہے، ایک ہتھوڑا لے کر انہوں نے دروازہ توڑا اور اندر گئے تو دیکھا کہ مسٹر ہیورڈ خون میں شرابور پڑے ہوئے ہیں اور دیکھتے ہی دیکھتے ختم ہوگئے، پروفیسر بون کی رائے میں جس آلہ سے وہ تجربہ کررہے تھے، اتفاقاً پھٹ گیا اور اس کے اندر جو زہریلی گیس تھی، اس کے صدمہ سے ان کی گردن سخت مجروح ہوئی اور یہی باعث ہلاکت ہوا۔ (فروری ۱۹۲۱ء)
The only religion Islam provides the thorough layout for human beings not only covers the spiritual needs but also shaped the materialistic desires in a better way. The most important aspect among all is the availability of proper, smooth flowing and practical financial system as it involve almost in all fields of life. Looking at the current situation and fast growing industry, Islamic Banking System emerged as solid and firm scheme for optimum utilization of finance in full conformity of Shariʽah. ʼijāra is one of the modes frequently used in Interest free banks. The Bank of Khyber claims as Parallel Banking System i.e. It practicing conventional Banking as well as Islamic Banking System. This study emphasis on analyzing the practice of ʼijāra as a financing mode in the wake of Parallel Banking system of Bank of Khyber in the light of Sharʽiah teachings and to portray the real picture of it to enhance the level of satisfaction of customer.
A Comparative Study of Academic Achievement and Cognitive Development of Students of Public and Private Sector Educational Institutions of Islamabad
Education is the fundamental responsibility of the state, but in order to achieve the objectives of
Universalization of Primary Education (UPE) and Education for All (EFA) along with the objectives of access
and equity, government has allowed private sector to share the responsibility of the state. Presence of two
sectors has created discrepancy in educational quality, which is significant to be explored, as, such differences
may open doors for divide and inequalities in the society.
The objectives of the present study were to explore and compare academic achievement and cognitive
development of students of public and private sectors at primary level. Data were collected from 500 students
of grade V at the end of academic year from 10 public and 10 private sector educational institutions of
Islamabad city. Two research instruments were developed for data collection. For data analysis mean scores
were calculated, and t-test was applied to seek comparison in both sectors.
Findings showed that overall academic achievement of public sector students was better, their performance
remained better in the subject of Mathematics whereas, there was no significant difference in academic
achievement students of both sectors in the subjects of English and Urdu. There was no significant difference
between the cognitive developments of students of both sectors. It was further revealed that female students
outperformed their male counterparts in all subjects and in cognitive development.
Findings of the present study remained inconsistent with most of the previous studies, therefore the
researcher recommended, that all public sector educational institutions should be provided similar
educational facilities and teaching faculty as that in the Islamabad Model Colleges so that all public sector
institutions could perform well. Research work is needed to find out reasons of low performance of male
students, so that efforts could be planned to improve performance of male students in coming future.